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Molecular Phylogenetics of Mastodon and Tyrannosaurus rex
Abstract
We report a molecular phylogeny for a nonavian dinosaur, extending our knowledge of trait evolution within nonavian dinosaurs into the macromolecular level of biological organization. Fragments of collagen α1(I) and α2(I) proteins extracted from fossil bones of Tyrannosaurus rex and Mammut americanum (mastodon) were analyzed with a variety of phylogenetic methods. Despite missing sequence data, the mastodon groups with elephant and the T. rex groups with birds, consistent with predictions based on genetic and morphological data for mastodon and on morphological data for T. rex. Our findings suggest that molecular data from long-extinct organisms may have the potential for resolving relationships at critical areas in the vertebrate evolutionary tree that have, so far, been phylogenetically intractable.
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References
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We thank S.V. Edwards, C. Marshall, C. Balakrishnan, M. Baldwin, P. Brito, N. Hobbs, M. Phillips, S. Nagpal, S. Seymour, G. Poulogiannis, B. Zheng, M. Vander Heiden, J. Horner, N. Myhrvold, and C. Hill for assistance. This research was supported by an NIH National Service Research Award Postdoctoral Fellowship granted to C.L.O., the NSF (awards EAR-0634136 and EAR-0541744), the Paul F. Glenn Foundation, and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation.
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Published In
Science
Volume 320 | Issue 5875
25 April 2008
25 April 2008
Copyright
American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Submission history
Received: 17 December 2007
Accepted: 25 February 2008
Published in print: 25 April 2008
Notes
Supporting Online Material
www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/320/5875/499/DC1
Materials and Methods
SOM Text
Figs. S1 and S2
References and Notes
Appendices 1 and 2
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