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Complex Iron Smelting and Prehistoric Culture in Tanzania | Science
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Complex Iron Smelting and Prehistoric Culture in Tanzania: Recent discoveries show complex technological achievement in African iron production.

Science
22 Sep 1978
Vol 201, Issue 4361
pp. 1085-1089

Abstract

Western scientists and students of history have long explained the iron bloomery process by evidence available from European archeology. Ethnographic, technological, and archeological research into the technological life of the Haya of northwestern Tanzania show that these people and their forebears 1500 to 2000 years ago practiced a highly advanced iron smelting technology based on preheating principles and, as a result, produced carbon steel. This sophisticated technology may have evolved as an adaptation to overexploited forest resources. These discoveries are significant for the history of Africa and the history of metallurgy.

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References

BELLAMY, C.B., JOURNAL OF THE IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE 66: 99 (1904).
CLINE, W, MINING METALLURGY NE (1937).
GREIG, RCH, TANGANYIKA NOTES REC: 77 (1937).
Maddin, R., Scientific American 237:122 (1977).
PLEINER, R, POMATKY ARCHEOL 60: 458 (1969).
SCHMIDT, P.R., A NEW LOOK AT INTERPRETATIONS OF THE EARLY IRON-AGE IN EAST-AFRICA, HISTORY IN AFRICA 2: 127 (1975).
SCHMIDT, P.R., HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLO (1978).
SUTTON, JEG, NEW RADIOCARBON DATES FOR EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA, JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORY 13: 1 (1972).
TYLECOTE, R.F., IRON SMELTING IN PRE-INDUSTRIAL COMMUNITIES, JOURNAL OF THE IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE 203: 340 (1965).
TYLECOTE, R.F., JOURNAL OF THE IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE 204: 342 (1971).
WEMBAHRASHID, JAR, IRON WORKING UFIPA (1973).

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