Abstract
abstract
We measured the carrying angle using a universal full-circle manual goniometer on the dominant and non-dominant extremity of the elbow in 1275 healthy volunteers (631 males, 644 females) with a mean age of 22.87±15.99 years range: 2-91 years). In the right arm dominant group, right carrying angle was 11.25°±3.73° and left carrying angle was 10.57°±3.63Q (P-COOl). In left arm dominant group, right carrying angle was 1Q.65°±3.99D and left carrying angle was 12.93°±4.22° (P<.0()1). The carrying angle of dominant arm was found to be significantly higher than the non-dominant arm in both sexes. The carrying angle of dominant and non-dominant arms were found to lie significantly higher in patients aged >14 years than that of patients aged ^14 years; females ranked higher than males.
- 1. Green NE. Fractures about the elbow. In: Green NE, Swiontkowski MF, Lampert R, eds. Skeletal Trauma in Children. VoI 3. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa. WB Saunders Co; 1997:2593?. > Google Scholar
- 2. Marring JA. The orthopaedic examination: a comprehensive overview. In: Herring JA, eds. Tachdjian's Pediatrie· Orthopaedics. VoI 1 . 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 2002:25-61. > Google Scholar
- 3. Hairing JA. Tachdjian 's Pediatrìe Orthopaedics. Vol 3. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 2002:2164-2168. > Google Scholar
- 4. Beals RK. The normal carrying angle of the elbow. A radiographie study of 422 patients. ClinOrthop. 1976; 119:194-196. > Google Scholar
- 5. Amis AA, Miller JH. The elbow. Clin Rheum Dis. 1982;8:57l-593. > Google Scholar
- 6. Smith L. Deformity following supracondylar fractures of the humérus. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1960; 42: 1 668. > Google Scholar
- 7. Khare GN, Goel SC, Saraf SK, Singh G, Mohanty C. New observations on carrying angle. indianJMedSct. 1999; 53:61-67. > Google Scholar
- 8. King D, Secor C Bow elbow (cubitus varusj. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 195 1 ; 33:572-576. > Google Scholar
- 9. Jain AK, Dhammi IK, Arara A, Singh MP, Luthra JS. Cubitus varus: problem and solution. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2000; 120:420-425. > Google Scholar
- 10. Armstrong AD, MacDertnid JC, Cninchalkar S, Stevens RS, King GJ. Reliability of range-ofmotion measurement in the elbow and forearm. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1998; 7:573-580. > Google Scholar
- 11. Gunal I, Kose N, Erdogan O, Göktürk E, Seber S. Normal range of motion of the joints of the upper extremity in male subjects, with special reference to side. J Bom Joint Surg Am. 1996; 78:1401-1404. > Google Scholar
- 12. Gallagher MA, Cuomo F, Polonsky L, Berliner K, Zuckerman JD, Effects of age, testing speed, and arm dominance on isokinetic strength of the elbow. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1997; 6:340346. > Google Scholar
- 13. Maughan Rj, Abel RW, "Watson 3S, Weir J, Forearm composition and muscle function in trained and untrained limbs. Clin PhysioL 1986: 6:389-396. > Google Scholar
- 14. Tachdijan MO. Fractures and dislocations. In: Herring J, Herring JA, Tachdjian MO, eds. Tachdjian's Pediatrie Orthopaedics. VoI 4. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1990:3013-3373. > Google Scholar