Warning: file_put_contents(/opt/frankenphp/design.onmedianet.com/storage/proxy/cache/dc516d3f1025b318269581cb59ab9bc9.html): Failed to open stream: No space left on device in /opt/frankenphp/design.onmedianet.com/app/src/Arsae/CacheManager.php on line 36

Warning: http_response_code(): Cannot set response code - headers already sent (output started at /opt/frankenphp/design.onmedianet.com/app/src/Arsae/CacheManager.php:36) in /opt/frankenphp/design.onmedianet.com/app/src/Models/Response.php on line 17

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /opt/frankenphp/design.onmedianet.com/app/src/Arsae/CacheManager.php:36) in /opt/frankenphp/design.onmedianet.com/app/src/Models/Response.php on line 20
Urban rail transit in India - Wikipedia Jump to content

Urban rail transit in India

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Cities in India with various Urban Transit Systems. Transit boxes are clickable upon viewing the original svg file.
The Magenta Line of the Delhi Metro
India's higher-speed regional rapid rail system in Meerut, the RapidX
Mylapore MRTS station in Chennai. The suburban rail is the largest urban transit mode in India by ridership.

Urban rail transit in India plays an important role in intracity transportation in the major cities which are highly populated. It consists of Regional Rapid Transit System, suburban rail, monorail, and tram systems.

The tale of metro rail started with the commissioning of India's first metro system in Kolkata in 1984. Metros were later introduced gradually in other cities like Delhi and Bengaluru, gradually becoming popular in all urban agglomerations.

According to a report published in 2025, a total of 36.5 billion people traveled annually in metro systems across India's fifteen major cities, placing the country as one of the busiest urban rapid transit hubs in the world in terms of commuters. In 2025, the Delhi Metro alone carries an average of 46.3 lakh (4.63 million) passengers daily, and the Delhi-Meerut RRTS has an operational speed of 160 kmph. Across all metro systems in India, daily ridership is expected to be significantly higher, possibly exceeding 10 million. As of 2025, the cumulative length of 1,035.74 kilometres (643.58 miles) of eighteen metro systems in India makes it the third longest in operation in the world.[1][2]

The Ministry of Urban Development's Urban Transport wing is the nodal division for coordination, appraisal, and approval of Urban Transport matters including Metro Rail Projects at the central level. All the interventions in urban transport by the Ministry of Urban Development are carried out under the provisions of the National Urban Transport Policy, 2006.[3]

Currently, the Delhi-Meerut RRTS is the fastest urban rail transit system in India, featuring an operational speed of 160 kmph and an average speed (including stoppage time) of 100 kmph.

Terminology

[edit]

Indian cities have various types of urban transit systems operational, under construction and planned. These systems are being implemented based on the population of a city, financial feasibility and demand.

Urban transit type Capacity Speed Frequency of stations / stops Locale Right of way Rail based Cost to build and operate
Metro High Moderate High Intracity Yes Yes High
Suburban Railway High Moderate Medium Regional No † Yes Moderate
Medium-capacity metro Medium Moderate High Intracity Yes Yes High
Light rail Medium Moderate High Intracity Partial ‡ Yes Moderate
Monorail Medium Moderate High Intracity Yes Yes High
Rapid rail High High Low Regional Yes Yes High
Tram Low Slow High Neighborhood No Yes Low
Bus Rapid Transit Low Moderate High Intracity Yes No Low
Metro Neo Low Moderate High Intracity Yes No Moderate
Water Metro Low Slow Medium Intracity Yes No Low

† Note: Suburban rail in India utilises the broad gauge network of Indian Railways and mostly shares the network and infrastructure with the rest of Indian Railway services.
‡ Note: Light Rail systems are mostly fenced and can be built with complete right of way if preferred so.

  • Metro: The rapid transit or popularly known as metro in India, is an urban high-capacity rail system, commonly operated in metropolitan cities. These systems are segregated from Indian Railways and have their right-of-way.
  • Suburban rail: Suburban rail or popularly known as local train system in India, is an urban rail transit system where the suburbs are connected to the city's centre. These systems are linked to and operated by Indian Railways. Example: Mumbai Suburban Railway
  • Medium-capacity rail: It is a rapid transit (metro) system which has a capacity higher than light rail but lower than rapid transit system to serve a medium demand. It is built considering the future rise in demand, so that it can be converted into a regular metro. Example: Rapid Metro Gurgaon
  • Light rail: Light rail which is also known as Metro Lite is used in cities that have low demand. It is a combination of rapid transit and tram systems. It has a higher capacity and speed compared to tram services and has dedicated tracks that are mostly fenced. Example: Srinagar Metro
  • Monorail: This system has trains running on a single rail/beam. It has found its application in medium capacity transport, but due to low efficiency and high costs, it has been sidelined in India. Example: Mumbai Monorail
  • Rapid Rail : This system is operated either between two similarly sized cities, which are close to each other or between an urban city and smaller cities lying nearby. Example: Delhi–Meerut RRTS
  • Tram: These systems are one of the oldest modes of urban transport in India. They are low capacity, slow-moving trains which run on tracks that are embedded in the urban streets. Example: Kolkata Tram

Non-rail based urban transit

[edit]

History

[edit]

Early history

[edit]
See caption
Life-size model of a horse-drawn tram at the City Centre arcade, Salt Lake, Kolkata

The first-ever mode of the urban rail transit system in India was commuter rail (or suburban rail), built in Mumbai on 16 April 1853. The first passenger train was flagged off from Bori Bunder (present-day Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in Mumbai) from where it travelled to Thane, covering a distance of 34 km in an hour and fifteen minutes. This made it the Asia's first suburban railway.[4] At the turn of the 20th century, tram systems began to sprawl across the four major cities of India, viz. Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai and Mumbai, and helped local population to meet their intracity transportation needs. Horse-drawn tram was first introduced in Kolkata in 1873 and the electric trams began to operate in Chennai in 1895, later the cities of Mumbai, Kanpur, and Delhi saw trams being introduced. These services were discontinued in all Indian cities between 1933 and 1964, except for Kolkata where they operate on streets to the present day as heritage.[5]

Metro and mass rapid transit

[edit]
Old Kolkata Metro BHEL 1000 metro rake

In September 1919, during a session of the Imperial Legislative Council at Shimla, a committee was set up by W. E. Crum that recommended a metro line for Kolkata.[6] The next proposal for a metro system was mooted by government of West Bengal in 1949-50 and a survey was conducted by French experts. However, the proposal could not be brought into the effect and India had to wait for its first metro service. It was twenty three years later when the foundation stone was laid in Kolkata in 1972 to commence the construction of the ambitious metro system. On 24 October 1984, India saw its first metro system operational in Kolkata. After several struggles and bureaucratic hurdles, a stretch of 3.4 km was opened with five stations on the line.[7] On 1 November 1995, the Chennai MRTS began its operations, becoming the first fully elevated suburban rail line (overall second elevated railway line in India) and also the country's longest elevated suburban railway corridor spanning 17 km.[8][9]

The first concept of an urban rapid transit system in Delhi came out during 1969,[10] when a traffic and travel characteristics study was conducted. The bus systems which catered the public transportation in the city soon began to run out of capacity and the traffic was on the rise, this soon became a growing concern. The concepts for an urban transit system were considered as the need for the country's capital.[10] After planning, a proposal was made in 1984, which revealed plans for constructing three underground corridors and augmentation of the existing suburban rail system. The construction began on 1 October 1998 and the first line was operational on 24 December 2002.[7][11] With 348.12 kilometres (216.31 mi), the Delhi Metro went on to be the longest and by far the busiest metro system in India, which also served as a role model to other Indian cities.[12]

Monorails and their replacement

[edit]

While the political capital of India was expanding on its success by constructing new metro lines, suburban railways remained as the dominant mode of transport in the financial capital, Mumbai. According to Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) the city bus services operating in narrow and crowded areas of the city were slow-moving and caused traffic congestion hence a rapid transit system was necessary. Since the city already had planned metro services and since the suburban railways also connected major parts of the city, a feeder system to these services was proposed in the form of Monorail.[13] After the construction was completed, On 1 February 2014, Mumbai Monorail became the first of its kind in India.[14][15]

In the early 2010s, many cities had conceived the plan to build monorails as the major urban transportation solution to their cities. However, Mumbai's monorail soon began to reveal the underlying problems of a monorail system.[16] The issues such as low ridership, inefficient track maintenance (accessibility of the tracks during maintenance as well as the time taken to repair the tracks), train slowing down at the switches and for the fact that the monorail tracks had to be entirely elevated with a dedicated depot and set of rolling stocks, raised the concerns on feasibility, cost of construction and operation of the new lines significantly. For the similar reasons, almost all of the monorail systems around the world are seen in amusement parks or similar theme parks instead as a solution to the urban public transportation.[17] A traditional light rail system soon emerged as the efficient mode but with cheaper cost and greater capacity than what monorail offered. As a result, many Indian cities replaced their proposed monorail projects with either a regular metro or a light rail system.[18]

Rapid transit

[edit]
Millennium city centre metro station in Gurugram.
Double decker viaduct in Nagpur, with Metro on top tier and highway on lower tier.
Kolkata metro green line, known for the first underwater river tunnel in India.
Mumbai Metro in Andheri.

There are currently 18 operational rapid transit (Officially and popularly known as 'Metro') systems in seventeen cities across India, with Delhi Metro being the largest.[19] As of July 2024, India has 987.16 kilometres (613.39 miles) of operational metro lines in 18 cities.[20][21] India's metro network is the third longest in the world, behind China and USA. A further 779.27 km of lines are under construction.

Apart from the Kolkata Metro (which has its own zone under Indian Railways),[22] these rapid transit metro lines are not operated by Indian Railways, but a separate set of local authorities. In addition to their metro systems, the cities of Chennai and Hyderabad have mass transit systems operated by the Indian Railways, known as the Chennai MRTS and the Hyderabad MMTS, respectively. The first rapid transit system in India is the Kolkata Metro, which started operations in 1984. Kolkata Metro also currently has the only underwater metro line in the country. The Delhi Metro has the largest network in the entire country.[23]

Implementation

[edit]

In 2006, the National Urban Transport Policy had proposed the construction of a metro rail system in every city with a population of at least 20 lakh (2 million) people.[24][25]

From 2002 to 2014, the Indian metro infrastructure expanded by 248 km.[2]

Later on 11 August 2014, Union Government had announced that it would provide financial assistance for the implementation of a metro rail system to all Indian cities having a population of more than 1 million.[26][27] In May 2015, the Union Government approved the Union Urban Development Ministry's proposal to implement metro rail systems in 50 cities, with the majority of the planned projects were to be implemented through special purpose vehicles, which will be established as 50:50 joint ventures between the Union and respective State Government. The Union Government would invest an estimated ₹5 lakh crore (US$59 billion).[28][29]

In a new draft policy unveiled in March 2017, the Central Government stated that it wanted state governments to consider metro rail as the "last option" and implement it only after considering all other possible mass rapid transit systems. The decision was taken due to the high cost of constructing metro rail systems.[30] In August 2017, the Union Government announced that it would not provide financial assistance to the new metro rail project unless some sort of private partnership is involved.[31][32][33]

List of systems

[edit]
As of 8 October 2025
List of current operational systems in India
System Locale Lines Operational Stations Length Opened Annual Ridership (in millions)
Operational Under Construction
Agra Metro Agra 1 6 5.2 km (3.2 mi)[34][35][36] 24.47 km (15.20 mi)[37] 6 March 2024 –
Ahmedabad Metro Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, GIFT City 4 47 60.06 km (37.32 mi)[38][39] 8.92 km (5.54 mi) 4 March 2019[40][41] 40.06 (2024*)[42][Nb 1]
Chennai Metro Chennai 2 42[43] 54.1 km (33.6 mi)[44] 118.9 km (73.9 mi) 29 June 2015[45] 105.24 (2024)[46]
Delhi Metro Delhi NCR 10[47] 257[a] 353.31 km (219.54 mi)[Nb 2][48] 65.20 km (40.51 mi)[49] 24 December 2002[50] 2032.3 (2024*)[51][Nb 3]
Hyderabad Metro Hyderabad 3 59 67 km (42 mi)[52] – 29 November 2017[53] 178 (2024)[54][Nb 4]
Indore Metro Indore 1 5 6 km (3.7 mi) 31.23 km (19.41 mi) 31 May 2025[55] –
Jaipur Metro Jaipur 1[56] 11[56] 11.98 km (7.44 mi)[57] 2.85 km (1.77 mi)[58] 3 June 2015[56] 20.05 (2024*)[59]
Kanpur Metro Kanpur 1 14 16 km (9.9 mi)[60] 15.05 km (9.35 mi) 28 December 2021 11.06 (2024)
Kochi Metro Kochi 1 25 27.96 km (17.37 mi)[61] 11.2 km (7.0 mi) 17 June 2017[62] 36.52 (2024)[63]
Kolkata Metro Kolkata 5 58[b] 73.42 km (45.62 mi)[64][65] 30.8 km (19.1 mi) 24 October 1984[66] 218.1 (2025*)[67]
Lucknow Metro Lucknow 1 21 22.90 km (14.23 mi)[68] – 5 September 2017[69] 31.15 (2024*)[70][71]
Mumbai Metro   Mumbai 4 70 80.43 km (49.98 mi)[72][73][74] 132.45 km (82.30 mi) 8 June 2014[75] 273.75 (2024)[76][77][Nb 5]
Nagpur Metro Nagpur 2 37 38.22 km (23.75 mi)[78] 43 km (27 mi)[79] 8 March 2019[80] 33.88 (2024*)[81][Nb 6]
Namma Metro Bengaluru 3 85 96.10 km (59.71 mi)[82][83] 79.44 km (49.36 mi) 20 October 2011[84] 278.54 (2024*)[85]
Navi Mumbai Metro Navi Mumbai 1[86] 11[86] 11.10 km (6.90 mi)[87] – 17 November 2023 0.935 (2024)[88][Nb 7]
Noida Metro Noida 1 21 29.70 km (18.45 mi)[48] – 25 January 2019[89] 22.03 (2024) [90]
Patna Metro Patna 1 3 4.3 km (2.7 mi)[91] 32.91 km (20.45 mi) 6 October 2025[92] -
Pune Metro Pune 2 29 31.25 km (19.42 mi)[93][94] 45.95 km (28.55 mi) 6 March 2022[95] 45.72 (2024) [96]
Rapid Metro Gurgaon Gurgaon 1 11 12.1 km (7.5 mi)[48] 28.5 km (17.7 mi)[97] 14 November 2013[98] 14.6 (2024*)[99][100]
Total 45 810 1,047.24 km (650.72 mi) 637.96 km (396.41 mi) 3347.617 millions
Table note

^* Indicates ridership figures based on the fiscal year rather than the calendar year.l

Systems in development

[edit]
As of 9 October 2025

  Under construction
  Planned

System Locale Length Construction began Planned Opening
Under-construction Planned
Bhoj Metro Bhopal 28 km (17 mi) [101] 87.90 km (54.62 mi) 2019 2025[102]
Meerut Metro Meerut 23.6 km (14.7 mi) 2019 2025[103]
Surat Metro Surat 41.93 km (26.05 mi)[104] 2021 2027[105]
Bhubaneswar Metro Bhubaneswar 26.024 km (16.171 mi) TBD[106] 2028[107]
Thane Metro Thane 29 km (18 mi) TBD[108] 2029[109]
Vijayawada Metro Vijayawada 75 km (47 mi) 2026 2029[110]
Visakhapatnam Metro Visakhapatnam 76.9 km (47.8 mi) 2026 2029[110]
Madurai Metro Madurai 32 km (20 mi) TBD 2031[111]
Coimbatore Metro Coimbatore 40 km (25 mi) TBD TBD[112]
Rajkot Metro Rajkot 38 km (24 mi) TBD TBD[113]
Vadodara Metro Vadodara 40 km (25 mi) TBD TBD[113]
Kozhikode Metro Kozhikode 44 km (27 mi) TBD TBD[114]
Thiruvananthapuram Metro Thiruvananthapuram 42.1 km (26.2 mi) TBD TBD[115]
Total 104.66 km (65.03 mi) 530.924 km (329.901 mi)

List of lines

[edit]
As of 8 October 2025

India has a total of 45 lines of metro under operation.

Urban rapid rail transit lines
Line System Length Stations Rolling stock Commencement Latest extension
Blue Line Kolkata 32.13 km (19.96 mi) 26 ICF, CRRC Dalian 24 October 1984 22 February 2021
Green Line 16.6 km (10.3 mi) 12 BEML Limited 13 February 2020 22 August 2025
Purple Line 7.75 km (4.82 mi) 7 ICF 30 December 2022 6 March 2024
Orange Line 9.5 km (5.9 mi) 9 6 March 2024 22 August 2025
Yellow Line 7.04 km (4.37 mi) 4 22 August 2025 –
Red Line Delhi 34.55 km (21.47 mi) 29 Hyundai Rotem and BEML Limited 25 December 2002 8 March 2019
Yellow Line 49.02 km (30.46 mi) 37 BEML Limited 20 December 2004 10 November 2015
Blue Line (Main) 56.11 km (34.87 mi) 50 31 December 2005 9 March 2019
Blue Line (Branch) 8.51 km (5.29 mi) 8 10 May 2009 14 July 2011
Green Line (Main) 28.79 km (17.89 mi) 24 3 April 2010 24 June 2018
Violet Line 46.34 km (28.79 mi) 34 3 October 2010 19 November 2018
Airport Express 22.70 km (14.11 mi) 6 CAF 23 February 2011 17 September 2023
Magenta Line 40.26 km (25.02 mi) 25 Hyundai Rotem 25 December 2017 5 January 2025
Pink Line 59.24 km (36.81 mi) 38 Hyundai Rotem and BEML Limited 14 March 2018 6 August 2021
Grey Line 5.19 km (3.22 mi) 4 Hyundai Rotem 4 October 2019 18 September 2021
Purple Line Bengaluru 43.49 km (27.02 mi) 37 BEML Limited 20 October 2011 9 October 2023
Green Line 33.46 km (20.79 mi) 32 BEML Limited 1 March 2014 7 November 2024
Yellow Line 19.15 km (11.90 mi) 16 CRRC Nanjing Puzhen, Titagarh Rail Systems 10 August 2025 –
Line 1 Gurgaon 12.85 km (7.98 mi) 11 Siemens 14 November 2013 31 March 2017
Blue Line 1 Mumbai 11.40 km (7.08 mi) 12 CRRC Nanjing Puzhen 8 June 2014 –
Yellow Line 2 18.58 km (11.55 mi) 17 BEML 2 April 2022 19 January 2023
Red Line 7 16.50 km (10.25 mi) 14 2 April 2022 19 January 2023
Aqua Line 3 33.5 km (20.8 mi) 26 Alstom Metropolis 5 October 2024 8 October 2025
Pink Line Jaipur 11.97 km (7.44 mi) 11 BEML Limited 3 June 2015 23 September 2020
Blue Line Chennai 32.65 km (20.29 mi) 25 Alstom 21 September 2016 13 March 2022
Green Line 22.00 km (13.67 mi) 17 29 June 2015 25 May 2018
Line 1 Kochi 28.13 km (17.48 mi) 22 Alstom Metropolis 17 June 2017 6 March 2024
Red Line Lucknow 22.87 km (14.21 mi) 21 Alstom 5 September 2017 8 March 2019
Red Line Hyderabad 29.21 km (18.15 mi) 27 Hyundai Rotem 29 November 2017 24 September 2018
Blue Line 27 km (17 mi) 23 29 November 2017 29 November 2019
Green Line 11 km (6.8 mi) 10 7 February 2020 –
Aqua Line Noida 29.7 km (18.5 mi) 21 CRRC 25 January 2019 –
Blue Line Ahmedabad 21.23 km (13.19 mi) 18 Hyundai Rotem 4 March 2019 8 December 2024
Red Line 18.87 km (11.73 mi) 15 1 October 2022 –
Yellow Line 15.40 km (9.57 mi) 7 17 September 2024 –
Violet Line 5.42 km (3.37 mi) 3 17 September 2024 –
Orange Line Nagpur 19.658 km (12.215 mi) 13 CRRC 8 March 2019 21 August 2021
Aqua Line 18.557 km (11.531 mi) 11 28 January 2020 6 April 2021
Orange Line Kanpur 16 km (9.9 mi) 9 Alstom 28 December 2021 31 May 2025
Purple Line Pune 16.59 km (10.31 mi) 5 Titagarh Firema 6 March 2022 29 September 2024
Aqua Line 14.66 km (9.11 mi) 5 6 March 2022 21 August 2024
Line 1 Navi Mumbai 11.10 km (6.90 mi) 11 CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive 17 November 2023 –
Yellow Line Agra 5.2 km (3.2 miles) 6 Alstom Movia 6 March 2024 –
Yellow Line Indore 6 km (3.7 miles) 6 Alstom Movia 31 May 2025 –
Blue Line Patna 3.45 km (2.14 miles) 6 Titagarh Firema 6 October 2025 –

Note : Only operational lines are listed.

Suburban rail

[edit]
An EMU of the Mumbai Suburban Railway, the oldest Suburban Railway Network in India built in 1853
An elevated stretch of the Chennai MRTS

Suburban rail plays a major role in the public transport system of many major Indian cities. These services are operated by Indian Railways. Suburban rail is a rail service between a central business district and the suburbs, a conurbation or other locations that draw large numbers of people daily. The trains are called suburban trains. These trains are also referred to as "local trains" or "locals". The suburban rail systems in Hyderabad, Pune, Lucknow–Kanpur and Bengaluru do not have dedicated suburban tracks but share tracks with long-distance trains. The suburban rail system of Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai have both dedicated tracks and tracks shared with long-distance trains.

The first suburban rail system in India is Mumbai Suburban Railway which started operations in 1853. The Kolkata Suburban Railway has the largest network in the entire country. The Chennai Suburban Railway started its operations in 1931.

Suburban trains that handle commuter traffic are all electric multiple units (EMUs). They usually have nine or 12 coaches, though can sometimes include 15 to handle rush hour traffic. One unit of an EMU train consists of one power car and two general coaches. Thus a nine coach EMU is made up of three units having one power car at each end and one at the middle. The rakes in the suburban rails run on 25 kV AC.[116] Ridership on India's suburban railways has risen from 1.2 million in 1970–71 to 4.4 million in 2012–13. The suburban railways of Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai occupy no more than 7.1% of the Indian Railways network, but account for 53.2% of all railway passengers.[117] In some cities of India, the opening of rapid transit systems has led to a decline in the use of the suburban rail system.[118] [119]

As of 5 September 2021
System Locale Lines Stations Length Opened Annual Ridership (in Billions)
Chennai Suburban Railway Chennai metropolitan area 8 300+ 1,200 km (750 mi) 1931[120] 1.01
Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System Chennai 2 18 19.34 km (12.02 mi) 1 November 1995[121] 0.1
Delhi Suburban Railway National Capital Region 1 46 320 km (200 mi) 1 October 1975[122] –
Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport System

Hyderabad Metropolitan Region 5 44 90 km (56 mi) 9 August 2003[123] 0.01825

(Daily max 50K as of 2024)

Kolkata Suburban Railway Kolkata metropolitan region 24 458 1,501 km (933 mi) 15 August 1854[124] 1.825
Lucknow-Kanpur Suburban Railways
1 23 (NR)

28 (NER)

101 km (NR)

109 km (NER)

1867 _
Mumbai Suburban Railway Mumbai Metropolitan Region 7 150 450.90 km (280.18 mi) 16 April 1853[4] 3.0
Pune Suburban Railway Pune Metropolitan Region 2 17 63 km (39 mi) 11 March 1978[125] 0.022
Total 8 48 1017 3,319.84 km (2,062.85 mi) 5.5

Systems in development

[edit]
As of 24 April 2024

  Under construction

System Locale Lines Stations Length Planned Opening
Bengaluru Suburban Railway Bengaluru 4 69 160.0 km (99.4 mi) 2026[126][127]

Regional rapid transit

[edit]

Regional Rapid Transit systems in India are higher-speed passenger rail services that operate beyond the limits of urban areas, and either connect similarly sized cities, or metropolitan cities and surrounding towns/cities, outside at the outer rim of a suburban belt.

The following list excludes passenger train services provided by Indian Railways.

System Metro Area Stations Length Planned Stations Planned Length Operator(s) Opened
Delhi–Meerut RRTS NCR 11 55 km 25 82.15 km (51.05 mi) NCRTC 20 October 2023 (priority corridor)[128][129]

Systems in development

[edit]
As of 17 November 2023

  Under construction
  Planned

System Metro Area Stations Length Planned Opening
Delhi–Alwar RRTS NCR 22 199 km (124 mi) 2030[130]
Delhi–Panipat RRTS NCR 15 103 km (64 mi) 2028[131]

Monorail

[edit]
The Mumbai Monorail is the only operational Monorail system in India.

The Mumbai Monorail, which opened on 2 February 2014, is the first and only operational monorail system used for urban transit in India.[132] Many other Indian cities had planned monorail projects, as a feeder system to the metro, but after the Mumbai monorail failed with multiple issues, other cities are considering using light rail instead.[18][16]

System Locale Lines Stations Length Opened Annual Ridership (in millions)
Mumbai Monorail Mumbai 1 17 19.53 km (12.14 mi) 2 February 2014[14] 1.2

Systems in development

[edit]

  Planned

System Locale Lines Stations Length Planned opening
Ahmedabad-Dholera SIR Monorail
1 7 40.3 km (25.0 mi)[133] TBD[c]

Abandoned systems

[edit]

  Defunct

System Locale Length Notes
Skybus Metro Madgaon 1.60 km (0.99 mi) Defunct and Scrapped after the operation. Deemed unsafe by KRC.[135]

Light rail

[edit]
Main article: Metrolite
For Metro Neo, see List of bus rapid transit systems in India § Trolleybus.

Light rail transit (LRT) or popularly known as Metrolite in India, is a form of urban rail transit characterized by a combination of rapid transit and tram systems. It usually operates at a higher capacity than trams, and often on an exclusive right-of-way similar to rapid transit. Several tier-2 cities in India have proposed light rail systems.

  Under construction
  Planned

System Locale Lines Stations Length Type Planned opening
Jammu Metro Jammu 2 40 43.50 km (27.03 mi) 25 kV AC railway electrification TBD[136]
Srinagar Metro Srinagar 2 24 25 km (16 mi) 25 kV AC railway electrification TBD[136]
Chennai Light Rail Logo of Chennai Metro Chennai 1 TBD 15.50 km (9.63 mi) 25 kV AC railway electrification TBD[137]
Gorakhpur Metro Gorakhpur 2 27 27.41 km (17.03 mi) 25 kV AC railway electrification TBD[138][139]

Tram

[edit]
Main article: Trams in India
The Kolkata Tram built in 1873, the only tram in India still operational. Used also as a heritage ride beside being urban transit

In addition to trains, trams were introduced in many cities in the late 19th century, though almost all of these were phased out. The Kolkata Tram is currently the only tram system in the country. Due to construction of Kolkata Metro's Green Line from Salt Lake to Howrah, just 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) of Tramline is operational in Kolkata.

System City Lines Length Opened
Kolkata Tram Kolkata 2 14 km (8.7 mi) 1873[140]

Abandoned systems

[edit]
The now-defunct Tram network in Chennai operated by The Madras Electric Tramway Company from 1892 to 1953.

  Defunct

System City Length Opened Discontinued
Bhavnagar Tram Bhavnagar 1926 1960s
Chennai Tram Chennai 1892 1953
Delhi Tram Delhi 1908 1963
Kanpur Tram Kanpur 6.04 km (3.75 mi) 1907 16 May 1933
Kochi Tram Kochi 1907 1963
Mumbai Tram Mumbai 1873 1964
Nashik Tram Nashik 10 km (6.2 mi) 1889 1931
Patna Tram Patna 1903

Standardisation

[edit]

Track gauge

[edit]

Unlike Broad gauge which form majority of the railway tracks in the sub-continent, metro rail lines in India are of mainly standard gauge. Projects like the Kolkata Metro and Delhi Metro used broad gauge for their earliest lines, but to procure modern foreign rakes and to adopt international standard, India went ahead with standard gauge for all the following lines.[141]

NCMC

[edit]
Main article: National Common Mobility Card

Part of the 'One Nation, One Card' policy of the Government of India, the National Common Mobility Card is an inter-operable transport card that enables users to pay for multiple kinds of transport charges like metros and buses, as well as do other things like retail shopping and money withdrawal.[142][143] It is enabled through the RuPay card mechanism. The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs have been working on the card since 2006, when it was envisaged as a cashless fare payment system in accordance with the National Urban Transport Policy, 2006 (NUTP-2006). Its aim was to provide seamless connectivity to passengers across transit systems, leading to convenience, higher digital payments penetration, savings on closed loop card lifecycle management cost, and reduced operating cost.[144][145]

Manufacturing

[edit]

There are multiple metro manufacturers in India. Under the Union Government's Make in India program, about 75% of the rolling stock procured for use on Indian metro systems are required to be manufactured in India.[146]

Company Customer Total coaches
India BEML[147][148] Delhi Metro 1,444
Mumbai Metro 576
Namma Metro 300
Kolkata Metro 102
Jaipur Metro 40
BEML Total 5 2,462
Germany CanadaBombardier[149][150][151] Delhi Metro 816
Agra Metro 87
Kanpur Metro 114
Meerut Metro 30
Bombardier Total 4 1,047
France Alstom[152] Chennai Metro 286
Kochi Metro 75
Lucknow Metro 80
Mumbai Metro 248
Delhi Metro 312
Indore Metro 75
Bhopal Metro 81
Pune Metro 66
Meerut Metro 4
Delhi Meerut RRTS 80
Alstom Total 8 1,223
South Korea Hyundai Rotem[153][154][155][156][157] Delhi Metro 486
Ahmedabad Metro 96
Namma Metro 150
Hyderabad Metro 171
Hyundai Rotem Total 4 903
India ICF[citation needed] Kolkata Metro 1072
ICF Total 1 1072
India Titagarh Rail Systems[158][159] Namma Metro 216
Pune Metro 102
Surat Metro 72
Titagarh Total 3 390
China CRRC[160][161][162][163][164][165] Namma Metro 216
Rapid Metro Gurgaon 36
Kolkata Metro 112
Mumbai Metro 48
Nagpur Metro 69
Noida Metro 76
Navi Mumbai Metro 24
CRRC Total 7 581
7 20 7678

Summary

[edit]

Northern Region

[edit]

Delhi NCR

[edit]
System Information Currently operational Currently under construction Map Website

Delhi Metro 		Locale Delhi

 1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   Airport Express 

Phase 4
 7  Western extension (Maujpur)
 8  Western extension (RK Ashram)
New Lines
 10 

DMRCL
Began operation 24 December 2002; 22 years ago (24 December 2002)
Lines in operation 9
No. of stations 255
Network length 348.12 km (216 mi)
Ridership 1.79 billion (2019)

Delhi Suburban Railway 		Locale Delhi

 Ring Line 

Delhi EMU
Began operation 1975; 50 years ago (1975)
Lines in operation 1
No. of stations 21
Network length 35 km (22 mi)
Ridership 44,400 (2019)

Delhi Regional Rapid Transit 		Locale National Capital Region

 Delhi–Meerut 

NCRTC
Began operation 2023; 2 years ago (2023)
Lines in operation 0 (1 UC)
No. of stations 51
Network length 349 km (217 mi)
Ridership NA

Noida Metro 		Locale Noida

 Aqua Line 

NMRC
Began operation 29 December 2019; 5 years ago (29 December 2019)
Lines in operation 1
No. of stations 21
Network length 29.7 km (18 mi)
Ridership 0.58 million(2022)

Rapid Metro Gurgaon 		Locale Gurgaon

 1 

Kol Metro
Began operation 14 November 2013; 11 years ago (14 November 2013)
Lines in operation 1
No. of stations 11
Network length 12.85 km (8 mi)
Ridership 0.19 million(2018)

Rajasthan

[edit]
System Information Currently operational Currently under construction Map Website

Jaipur Metro 		Locale Jaipur

 1 

JMRC
Began operation 3 June 2015; 10 years ago (3 June 2015)
Lines in operation 1
No. of stations 21
Network length 11.97 km (7 mi)
Ridership 7.5 million

Central Region

[edit]

Madhya Pradesh

[edit]
System Information Currently operational Currently under construction Map Website

Bhoj Metro
(Bhopal) 		Locale Bhopal

 1 

— MPMRCL
Began operation 2024; 1 year ago (2024)
Lines in operation 0 (1 UC)
No. of stations 8
Network length 6.22 km (4 mi)
Ridership

Indore Metro 		Locale Indore

 1 

— MPMRCL
Began operation 2024; 1 year ago (2024)
Lines in operation 0 (1 UC)
No. of stations 16
Network length 16.21 km (10 mi)
Ridership

Uttar Pradesh

[edit]
System Information Currently operational Currently under construction Map Website

Lucknow Metro 		Locale Lucknow

 1 

UPMRC
Began operation 5 September 2017; 8 years ago (5 September 2017)
Lines in operation 1
No. of stations 21
Network length 22.878 km (14 mi)
Ridership 22 million

Lucknow–Kanpur Suburban Railway 		Locale Uttar Pradesh

 Lucknow–Kanpur   Kanpur–Lucknow 

—
Began operation 1867; 158 years ago (1867)
Lines in operation 1
No. of stations 16
Network length

37 km (23 mi)

Ridership

Barabanki–Lucknow Suburban Railway 		Locale Uttar Pradesh

 Barabanki–Lucknow   Lucknow–Barabanki 

—
Began operation 30 June 2013; 12 years ago (30 June 2013)
Lines in operation 1
No. of stations 10
Network length

72 km (45 mi)

Ridership

Kanpur Metro 		Locale Kanpur

 1 

Expansion

 1  Eastern extension (Naubasta)

UPMRC
Began operation 28 December 2021; 3 years ago (28 December 2021)
Lines in operation 1
No. of stations 9
Network length 8.98 km (6 mi)
Ridership -

Agra Metro 		Locale Agra

 1 

UPMRC
Began operation 2024; 1 year ago (2024)
Lines in operation 1
No. of stations 27
Network length 29.65 km (18 mi)
Ridership -

Western Region

[edit]

Gujarat

[edit]
System Information Currently operational Currently under construction Map Website

Ahmedabad Metro 		Locale Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, GIFT City

 1   2   3   4 

Expansion
 3   4 

GMRC
Began operation 4 March 2019; 6 years ago (4 March 2019)
Lines in operation 4
No. of stations 47
Network length 58.87 km (37 mi)
Ridership 4 million (2024)

Surat Metro 		Locale Surat

 1   2 

— GMRC
Began operation 2027; 2 years' time (2027)
Lines in operation 0 (2 UC)
No. of stations 38
Network length 40.35 km (25 mi)
Ridership

Maharashtra

[edit]
System Information Currently operational Currently under construction Map Website






Mumbai Metro 		Locale Mumbai Metropolitan Region

 1   2   3   7 

Expansion
 2  Southern extension (Mankhurd)
 3  Southern extension (Cuffe Parade)
 7  Southern extension (CSMIA)
New Lines
 4   5   6   9   12 

MMRDA
Began operation 8 June 2014; 11 years ago (8 June 2014)
Lines in operation 4
No. of stations 51
Network length 59.5 km (37 mi)
Ridership 0.54 million (2019)

Mumbai Suburban Railway 		Locale Mumbai Metropolitan Region

 Central   Harbour   Port   Trans-Harbour   Vasai Rd.–Roha   Western 

Central Railway
Western Railway
Began operation 16 April 1853; 172 years ago (16 April 1853)
Lines in operation 7
No. of stations 150
Network length 427.5 km (266 mi)
Ridership 2.92 billion (2019)

Mumbai Monorail 		Locale Mumbai

 1 

— MMRDA
Began operation 2 February 2014; 11 years ago (2 February 2014)
Lines in operation 1
No. of stations 27
Network length 19.54 km (12 mi)
Ridership

Navi Mumbai Metro 		Locale Navi Mumbai Metro

 1 

CIDCO
Began operation 17 November 2023; 22 months ago (17 November 2023)
Lines in operation 1
No. of stations 11
Network length

11.10 km (7 mi)

Ridership


Pune Metro 		Locale Pune Metropolitan Region

 1   2 

Expansion
 1  Southern extension (Swargate)
 2  Eastern extension (Ramwadi)
New Line
 3 

PMR
Began operation 6 March 2022; 3 years ago (6 March 2022)
Lines in operation 1
No. of stations 27
Network length

19.54 km (12 mi)

Ridership

Pune Suburban Railway 		Locale Pune Metropolitan Region

 Pune–Lonavala   Pune–Baramati 

—
Began operation 11 March 1978; 47 years ago (11 March 1978)
Lines in operation 2
No. of stations 37
Network length

63 km (39 mi)

Ridership

Nagpur Metro 		Locale Nagpur

 1   2 

metrorailnagpur
Began operation 8 March 2019; 6 years ago (8 March 2019)
Lines in operation 2
No. of stations 36
Network length

40 km (25 mi)

Ridership 0.73 (million)

Eastern Region

[edit]

Bihar

[edit]
System Information Currently operational Currently under construction Map Website


Patna Metro 		Locale Patna

 2 

 1 
Expansion
 2 

Began operation 7 October 2025; 3 days ago (7 October 2025)
Lines in operation 1 (2 UC)
No. of stations 26
Network length 33.91 km (21 mi)
Ridership

Odisha

[edit]
System Information Currently operational Currently under construction Map Website
Bhubaneswar Metro Locale Bhubaneswar

New Lines
 1 

— BMRCL
Began operation 2028; 3 years' time (2028)
Lines in operation 0 (1 UC)
No. of stations 20
Network length 26.024 km (16 mi)
Ridership

West Bengal

[edit]
System Information Currently operational Currently under construction Map Website




Kolkata Metro 		Locale Kolkata metropolitan area

 1   2   3   6   4 

Expansion
 3  Northern extension (Esplanade)
 6  Northern extension (Jai Hind (Kolkata airport))
 4  North Eastern extension (Micheal Nagar)


 KMRC
Began operation 24 October 1984; 40 years ago (24 October 1984)
Lines in operation 4
No. of stations 58
Network length 73.42 km (46 mi)
Ridership 1.952 billion

Kolkata Suburban Railway 		Locale Kolkata metropolitan area

 Chord link   Circular   Eastern   South Eastern   Sealdah South 

South Eastern Railway
Eastern Railway
Began operation 15 August 1854; 171 years ago (15 August 1854)
Lines in operation 5
No. of stations 458
Network length

1,501 km (933 mi)

Ridership 2.1 billion (2019)
Heritage streetcar
Trams in Kolkata 		Locale Kolkata

 Gariahat–Esplanade   Shyambazar–Esplanade  15 Routes non-operational due to ongoing  Green  construction

—
Began operation 24 February 1873; 152 years ago (24 February 1873)
Lines in operation 2
No. of stations N/A
Network length

14 km (9 mi)

Ridership 15 thousand

Southern Region

[edit]

Karnataka

[edit]
System Information Currently operational Currently under construction Map Website


Namma Metro
(Bengaluru) 		Locale Bengaluru

 1   2   3 

New Lines
 4   5 


BMRC
Began operation 20 October 2011; 13 years ago (20 October 2011)
Lines in operation 3
No. of stations 85
Network length 96.10 km (60 mi)
Ridership 232.8 million (2023)

Bengaluru Suburban Railway 		Locale Bangalore Metropolitan Region

New Lines
 Mallige   Kanaka 

K-Ride
Began operation 2026; 1 year's time (2026)
Lines in operation 0 (2 UC)
No. of stations 59
Network length 160.45 km (100 mi)
Ridership NA

Kerala

[edit]
System Information Currently operational Currently under construction Map Website

Kochi Metro 		Locale Kochi

 1 

KMRC
Began operation 17 June 2017; 8 years ago (17 June 2017)
Lines in operation 1
No. of stations 24
Network length 27.4 km (17 mi)
Ridership 20 million

Tamil Nadu

[edit]
System Information Currently operational Currently under construction Map Website

Chennai Metro 		Locale Chennai

 1   2 

Expansion
 1  Southern extension (Kilambakkam)
New Lines
 3   4   5 

CMRL
Began operation 29 June 2015; 10 years ago (29 June 2015)
Lines in operation 2
No. of stations 42
Network length 54.65 km (34 mi)
Ridership 0.8 billion

Chennai MRTS 		Locale Chennai

 Chennai Beach-Velachery 

Expansion towards North
 Velachery-St.Thomas Mount 

CMDA
Began operation 1 November 1995; 29 years ago (1 November 1995)
Lines in operation 1
No. of stations 18
Network length

19.34 km (12 mi)

Ridership 164.25 million

Chennai Suburban Railway 		Locale Chennai

 North Line   West Line   West-North Line   West-South Line   South Line   South-West Line   Chennai MRTS   Circular Line 

SR
Began operation 1931; 94 years ago (1931)
Lines in operation 8
No. of stations 300+
Network length

1,200 km (746 mi)

Ridership 912.57 million

Telangana

[edit]
System Information Currently operational Currently under construction Map Website

Hyderabad Metro 		Locale Hyderabad

 1   2   3 

HMRL
Began operation 29 November 2017; 7 years ago (29 November 2017)
Lines in operation 3
No. of stations 57
Network length 67.21 km (42 mi)
Ridership 178 million

Hyderabad MMTS 		Locale Hyderabad

 HF Line   HL Line   FL Line   SF Line   SB Line 

—
Began operation 9 August 2003; 22 years ago (9 August 2003)
Lines in operation 5
No. of stations 44
Network length 90 km (56 mi)
Ridership 0.8 billion

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ There are a total 257 transfer stations. If transfer stations are counted only once, the number comes down to 232 stations as there are 23 transfer stations serving two lines and one station serving three lines. Stations of Noida Metro and Gurgaon Metro are not counted as well. If stations of Noida Metro and Gurgaon Metro are to be included with the 257 stations, a total of 289 stations exist.[12]
  2. ^ There are a total 3 interchange stations counted with the number of lines they serve. If interchange stations are counted only once, the number comes down to 55 station.
  3. ^ Approved in January 2021. Set to open three or four years after commencement of construction.[134]
  1. ^ Total ridership figures from April 2023 to March 2024
  2. ^ The lengths of the Noida Metro and Gurgaon Metro are not counted with the Delhi Metro. If they were counted, the total length of the three systems would be 392.448 km (243.856 mi).
  3. ^ From 2019 onwards the DMRC changed the ridership calculation to count every trip taken by a passenger on a line. This means that a passenger that takes 2 connections will count 3 times towards ridership. This is different from the more standard practice of counting entire journeys applied in other metro systems. Therefore, Delhi metro reports approximately 55% higher ridership when compared to similar transit systems worldwide.
  4. ^ The figure of 147,984,025 reflects the total monthly ridership for FY 2024–25 (April 2024 – March 2025), compiled using actual data as the report was published post-fiscal year.
  5. ^ Figure extrapolated from a sum of average daily ridership figures of lines 1 (3,54,610), 2A & 7 (1,80,726.37) over a year as mentioned in the cited reports
  6. ^ Figure extrapolated from 75,000 average daily ridership figures over a year as mentioned in the cited report
  7. ^ Total figures from November 2023 to January 2024

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "MP at the bottom in operational length of Metro network". The Times of India. 2 August 2025. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 5 October 2025.
  2. ^ a b "One crore passengers riding metro systems per day in India: Hardeep Singh Puri". 27 October 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  3. ^ "Urban Transport". Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
  4. ^ a b "The History of Mumbai's Local Trains in 1 Minute". The Culture Tip. 13 September 2016.[permanent dead link]
  5. ^ Smith, R.V. (17 February 2013). "When trams plied". The Hindu.
  6. ^ "Kolkata's Tube Railway plan nipped in bud a century ago". The Times of India. 5 February 2020.
  7. ^ a b "History of Metro rail in India: Trams to driverless metro". Urban Transport News. 21 May 2021.
  8. ^ Year Book 2009. Bright Publications. p. 569.
  9. ^ "Country's first elevated railway track gets operational at Rohtak". Tribuneindia News Service. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
  10. ^ a b Siemiatycki, Matti (June 2006). "Message in a Metro: Building Urban Rail Infrastructure and Image in Delhi, India". International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. 30 (2): 277–292. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2427.2006.00664.x.
  11. ^ "History of Delhi Metro". DMRC. Archived from the original on 25 September 2010. Retrieved 17 September 2009.
  12. ^ a b "Delhi metro map". delhimetrorail.com. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  13. ^ "Mumbai monorail to run in two years". The Times of India. 27 September 2007. Retrieved 19 March 2009.
  14. ^ a b "First mono runs crowded like the good old local". Mumbai Mirror. 1 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  15. ^ Ateeq Shaikh (1 February 2014). "India's first monorail flagged off by Maharashtra's Chief Minister Prithviraj Chavan". DNA. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  16. ^ a b "Mumbai: Despite govt taking over operations, Monorail continues to be plagued with problems". The Times of India. 22 August 2021.
  17. ^ "Why cities rarely build monorails, explained". Greater Greater Washington. 1 May 2018.
  18. ^ a b "Failure of Mumbai's Monorail Holds Lessons for Urban Planners Everywhere". The Wire. 10 January 2019.
  19. ^ Sood, Jyotika (26 July 2017). "How metro rail networks are spreading across India". livemint.com.
  20. ^ "Metro Rail Projects in India - Quick Snapshot". The Metro Rail Guy. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  21. ^ "Metros in India have less than 50% projected ridership, says IIT-D report". The Business Standard. 2 January 2023.
  22. ^ "Organization Structure of Indian Railways" (PDF). Indian Railways. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  23. ^ Tanwar, Sangeeta (13 August 2019). "As India readies an underwater line, here's a look at its various metro networks". Quartz.
  24. ^ Bhatt, Himansshu (2 May 2015). "Feasibility report on Surat metro soon". The Times of India. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  25. ^ "Jaipal's push set metro rail projects on track". The Hindu. 28 July 2019.
  26. ^ "Centre to aid Metro projects in cities with 10 lakh people". Business Standard. 11 August 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  27. ^ "10 lakh to be new population norm for Metro Rail projects". Smart City. Elets Technomedia Pvt Ltd. 12 August 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  28. ^ "- mydigitalfc". mydigitalfc.com. Archived from the original on 26 August 2017. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
  29. ^ "Indian Metro Rail Network".
  30. ^ "Metro no more Government's first carrier". The New Indian Express. 19 March 2017. Archived from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  31. ^ "Union Cabinet approves new Metro Rail Policy; Focus on compact urban development, cost reduction and multi-modal integration". Press Information Bureau of India. 16 August 2017. Archived from the original on 20 August 2017. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  32. ^ Nair, Sobhana (16 August 2017). "Union Cabinet approves new metro rail policy". The Hindu. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  33. ^ Nair, Shalini (17 August 2017). "For Metro rail, states must bring private players: Govt". The Indian Express. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  34. ^ "Agra Metro Yellow Line: Route & Timings - Plan Your Journey - TimesProperty". timesproperty.com. Retrieved 30 July 2025.
  35. ^ "UPMRC Unveils Bidders For Agra Metro's Construction Contract On Line 1 - Metro Rail News". metrorailnews.in. Retrieved 30 July 2025.
  36. ^ Shah, Narendra (27 February 2024). "CMRS Completes Safety Inspection For Agra Metro's Priority Corridor - Metro Rail News". Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  37. ^ "Agra Metro - Information, Route Map, Fares, Tenders & Updates".
  38. ^ "Route Information and Time Table". AHMEDABAD METRO RAIL PROJECT. Retrieved 29 May 2025.
  39. ^ "Metro Rail Projects in India - Quick Snapshot". The Metro Rail Guy. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
  40. ^ "Ahmedabad Metro to open for public on Wednesday". The Times of India. 5 March 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  41. ^ "PM Modi inaugurates Ahmedabad Metro first phase, takes a ride". The Economic Times. 4 March 2019.
  42. ^ "AHMEDABAD METRO RAIL PROJECT - PASSENGER JOURNEYS". AHMEDABAD METRO RAIL PROJECT. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  43. ^ "Stations in Chennai Metro rails Phase I extension will be renamed". The Hindu. 5 October 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  44. ^ "Now, reach airport from North Chennai in 1 hour". The New Indian Express. Express Publications Ltd. 15 February 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
  45. ^ "Chennai's First Metro rail ride begins". The Hindu. 29 June 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
  46. ^ "10.52 crore passengers travelled in Chennai Metro Train in 2024" (PDF). Chennai metro rail limited.
  47. ^ "Present Network". Delhi Metro Rail Corporation. 8 March 2019.
  48. ^ a b c "Network map". www.delhimetrorail.com. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
  49. ^ "First section of Delhi Metro phase-IV to open by July 2024, says DMRC chief". TimesNow. 5 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  50. ^ "Indian PM launches Delhi metro". BBC News. 24 December 2002. Archived from the original on 22 April 2012. Retrieved 22 April 2010.
  51. ^ Gandhiok, Jasjeev (18 January 2024). "Delhi Metro logs 2 billion passenger trips for 2023 — highest ever". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  52. ^ "Track Work | Hyderabad Metro". www.ltmetro.in. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
  53. ^ "Hyderabad Metro rail flagged off today: See fares, timings, routes and other features". The Indian Express. 28 November 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  54. ^ "Ridership - LT". ltmetro.com. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
  55. ^ "Indore's Metro dream to come true today". timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 30 July 2025.
  56. ^ a b c "Jaipur Metro A Brief Note on the Project" (PDF). JMRC. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  57. ^ "Present Status". www.transport.rajasthan.gov.in. JMRC - Jaipur Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. 28 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  58. ^ "Rajasthan govt. to start work on Jaipur Metro Phase 1 extension". Metro Rail News. 28 November 2022.
  59. ^ "Passenger Travelled Count". transport.rajasthan.gov.in. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  60. ^ "Kanpur Metro: Project Information, Routes, Fares and other Details". Metro Rail Today. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
  61. ^ "Completed Kochi Metro phase 1B inaugurated by PM; makes access to port city easier". The Economic Times. 6 March 2024. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
  62. ^ "Kochi Metro a 'futuristic infrastructure that will contribute to India's growth': What PM Modi said at inauguration". The Indian Express. 17 June 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
  63. ^ Service, Express News (10 January 2024). "Average monthly ridership 25 lakh in 2023, Kochi Metro guns for more". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
  64. ^ As for the size the system reached by the end of 2019, see "Engineering Department » Existing Features". Centre for Railway Information Systems (CRIS). 15 January 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2020. As for the section opened after the end of 2019, see Roy, Subhajoy (14 February 2020). "First phase of East-West Metro unveiled". The Telegraph. Ananda Bazar Patrika (ABP) Group. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
  65. ^ "Kolkata Metro System Map". Metro Railway, Indian Railways. 4 May 2023. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
  66. ^ "Kolkata Metro Rail Corporation Ltd". Kmrc.in. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
  67. ^ "Kolkata Metro Railway records 13.30% rise in passengers in 2024-25". www.telegraphindia.com. Retrieved 2 April 2025.
  68. ^ "Project Status Lucknow Metro". www.lmrcl.com. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
  69. ^ Rawat, Virendra Singh (16 November 2015). "Lucknow Metro Rail fastest and most economical project in India". Business Standard. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
  70. ^ "Lucknow Metro records historic ridership surge". Hindustan Times. 2 January 2024.
  71. ^ Figure extrapolated from 73,476 average daily ridership figures over a year as mentioned in the cited report
  72. ^ "Metro Line- 2A | Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority". mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
  73. ^ "Metro Line - 7 | Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority". mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
  74. ^ "Metro Line - 1 | Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority". mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
  75. ^ "Mumbai Metro Blue Line 1 starts for public". India Today. 8 June 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
  76. ^ "Metro 1 ridership touches 90cr in 9 yrs of operation". The Times of India. 5 December 2023.
  77. ^ "Mumbai: Metro Line 2A & 7 Sees 8 Million Ridership Since Inception". Times Now News. 22 February 2024.
  78. ^ "NMRCL - Project Profile". www.metrorailnagpur.com. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
  79. ^ "Nagpur metro work begins on 43-km phase 2 connecting satellite cities".
  80. ^ ANI (7 March 2019). "Delhi: Prime Minister Narendra Modi flags-off Nagpur Metro via video conferencing.pic.twitter.com/0n6ohgcok3". @ANI (in Portuguese). Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  81. ^ "33% fare reduced by Nagpur Metro from March 1". The Live Nagpur. 28 February 2024.
  82. ^ "Bangalore Metro - Information, Route Maps, Fares, Tenders & Updates". The Metro Rail Guy. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  83. ^ "Namma Metro - Home". english.bmrc.co.in. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  84. ^ "South India's first underground Metro launch on April 29". The Times of India. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
  85. ^ S, Lalitha (22 April 2024). "Bengaluru Metro clocks highest ever profit of Rs 130 crore". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
  86. ^ a b "Navi Mumbai Metro", Wikipedia, 17 November 2023, retrieved 17 November 2023
  87. ^ Newton, Jonathan (28 November 2023). "Navi Mumbai opens first metro line eight years late". International Railway Journal. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
  88. ^ "Metro ridership in Navi Mumbai touches one million in 2.5 months, generates ₹2.55-cr in revenues". Hindustan Times. 2 February 2024.
  89. ^ "Aqua Line ready for launch, nod awaited from UP". The Times of India. 22 December 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
  90. ^ Staff Reporter (27 January 2024). "Noida Metro Celebrates 5th Anniversary with An Average Daily Ridership of Over 45K". Metro Rail News. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  91. ^ "Patna Metro arrives month before Bihar elections, with 4.3-km priority corridor and 3 stations". The Indian Express. 7 October 2025. Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  92. ^ "Nitish to inaugurate first phase of Patna metro on Oct 6, to open for public from Oct 7". The Times of India. 5 October 2025. Retrieved 6 October 2025.
  93. ^ Jedhe, Eeshwari (31 July 2023). "Extended routes of Pune Metro to open to commuters on Tuesday from 5 pm". Pune Mirror. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
  94. ^ "Pune Metro's reach set to expand up to 30 km". Hindustan Times. 6 March 2024. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
  95. ^ Sarang Dastane (4 March 2022). "Pune: Metro for people on 2 routes after Sunday flag-off by PM Narendra Modi". The Times of India. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  96. ^ "Pune Metro Kicks Off 2025 With A Bang As 2.04 Lakh Commuters Travel On January 13". Free Press Journal.
  97. ^ Kumar, Ashok (5 September 2025). "Haryana CM Saini, Manohar Lal perform Bhoomi Pujan for Gurugram metro corridor". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2 October 2025.
  98. ^ "Rapid MetroRail Gurgaon opens". Railway Gazette. 15 November 2013. Archived from the original on 26 April 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
  99. ^ "Rapid Metro witnesses major spurt in ridership in 2023, revenue rises by 53%". The Hindustan Times. 5 December 2023.
  100. ^ Figure extrapolated from 40,000 average daily ridership figures over a year as mentioned in the cited report
  101. ^ "Bhopal Metro – Information, Route Maps, Fares, Tenders & Updates".
  102. ^ "Bhopal, Indore Metro Likely to Start Operations By May 2024: MP CM Shivraj Singh Chouhan". www.news18.com. 27 August 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  103. ^ "Meerut Metro – Information, Route Map, Fares, Tenders & Updates". themetrorailguy.com. The Metro Rail Guy. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  104. ^ "Surat Metro – Information, Route Maps, Fares, Tenders & Updates".
  105. ^ "Surat Metro Project – Routes, Status Updates, Real Estate Impact & Completion Timeline -Times Property". timesproperty.com. Retrieved 30 July 2025.
  106. ^ "'Not viable': Bhubaneswar metro project hangs in balance as Odisha govt cancels tender". Indian Express. 28 July 2025.
  107. ^ "Bhubaneswar Metro – Information, Route Map, Fares, Tenders & Updates". TheMetrorailguy. 1 January 2023.
  108. ^ "6 firms bud for package C-01 of Thane metro". Metro Rail News. 15 September 2025.
  109. ^ "Maha Metro". www.mahametro.org. Retrieved 5 March 2025.
  110. ^ a b "Green signal for JVs to bid for Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada metro". The Hindu. 22 September 2025.
  111. ^ "Planning hurdle as Madurai Metro and NHAI proposals overlap in Thirumangalam". Times of India. 6 September 2025.
  112. ^ "Final land plan schedule for Coimbatore metro to be completed within two months". Times of India. 3 September 2025.
  113. ^ a b "DPRs for Rajkot, Vadodara metro rail projects sent for centre's approval". Times of India. 28 April 2025.
  114. ^ "Metro rail service in Kozhikode soon to become a reality? Kerala Budget raises hopes". @mathrubhumi. 8 February 2025. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  115. ^ "Thiruvananthapuram metro plan moves ahead as Kerala govt forms new alignment committee". @mathrubhumi. 12 June 2025. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  116. ^ "[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: Electric Traction — I". [IRFCA] The Indian Railways Fan Club. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  117. ^ Chaturvedi, Sumit (7 September 2015). "Why India's Metro and suburban railways should merge". Newslaundry. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  118. ^ Varma, Vishnu (11 March 2016). "Ring Railway left behind as Delhi swells beyond boundaries". The Indian Express. New Delhi. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
  119. ^ "scr clueless about poor patronage to mmts-suburban train services in hyderabad".
  120. ^ Menon, Nitya (18 April 2014). "83 years of electric suburban rail". The Hindu. Chennai. Archived from the original on 18 April 2014. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
  121. ^ "Development of MRTS in Chennai". CMDA. Archived from the original on 12 July 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  122. ^ "Delhi's mega plan to link capital ring rail metro network". Hindustan Times. 15 February 2018.
  123. ^ 9 August 2003 (9 August 2003). "Advani flags off Hyderabad MMTS". The Times of India. Retrieved 29 February 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  124. ^ Railway, Eastern (31 March 2020). "ERSY 2020 FINAL" (PDF).
  125. ^ Umbrajkar, Manish (12 March 2013). "Pune-Lonavla EMU train service completes 35 years". The Times of India. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
  126. ^ "Union Railway Minister reviews the progress of Bengaluru Suburban Rail Project". Urban Transport News. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  127. ^ "Bangalore Suburban Railway to be safe, eco-friendly & comfortable! Project to be completed by 2026; details". The Financial Express. 12 January 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
  128. ^ Anabd, Jatin (20 October 2023). "PM Modi flags off RRTS: What is this mass transport system, how it can benefit NCR". The Indian Express. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  129. ^ "Delhi-Meerut RRTS construction work on schedule, likely to be done June 2025". livemint.com. 4 April 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  130. ^ Stateholders' Workshop for Delhi-Gurgaon-Rewar-Alwar RRTS Corridor (PDF) (Report). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
  131. ^ "NHAI approves Delhi RRTS projects worth Rs 53,500 crore". Mint. 19 July 2017. Archived from the original on 20 September 2017. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  132. ^ "Mumbai monorail to run in two years". The Times of India. 29 September 2007. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  133. ^ "Ahmedabad Dholera Mono Rail project approved for connectivity at Dholera Airport: PM Modi". Dholera Prime. 21 January 2021. Archived from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  134. ^ "Ahmedabad-Dholera SIR monorail gets green signal". The Times of India. 6 January 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  135. ^ "Its final! Konkan Railway Corporation to scrap skybus project - The Times of India". The Times of India. 11 October 2013. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
  136. ^ a b "Srinagar metro project stuck in administrative limbo". Greater Kashmir. 19 March 2025.
  137. ^ "CM launches Rs 2.5 lakh crore Chennai mobility plan, single ticketing app". New Indian Express. 23 September 2025.
  138. ^ "Gorakhpur metro rail gets green signal from up cabinet,4672 crores will be spent". Dainik jagran. 10 March 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  139. ^ "UP: Gorakhpur Metro on fast track, gets PIB nod, to be ready by 2024". The Times of India. 2 December 2021.
  140. ^ "History – CTC". Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  141. ^ Dr. E Sreedharan (30 January 2009). "Broad gauge for Delhi metro: No standard achievement". Economic Times.
  142. ^ "NCMC - Tap & Transit, Pan India with RuPay" (PDF). npci.org.in. National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI). 1 September 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  143. ^ "National Common Mobility Card". drishtiias.com. Drishti IAS. 5 March 2019. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  144. ^ "Report of the Committee for Standards and Specifications of National Common Mobility Card (NCMC)" (PDF). mohua.gov.in. Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. 25 July 2015. p. 9. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  145. ^ Singh, RK (9 May 2012). "NCMC-'More' - Submission of Minimum Standards & Specification Document for Card and Devices" (PDF). smartnet.niua.org. Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  146. ^ Rawal, Swapnil (10 May 2017). "Made in India trains to run on Mumbai's Metro-3 route". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
  147. ^ H S Anand (11 June 2016). "DMRC Rolling Stock: Standardisation & Indigenisation" (PDF). Delhi Metro Rail Corporation.
  148. ^ "Delhi Metro's oldest corridors to get eight-coach trains". The Times of India. 15 October 2019.
  149. ^ "Bombardier bags Australian deal; to export bogies from Gujarat facility". Business Line. 27 June 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
  150. ^ "Bombardier and Alstom Confirm Receipt of All Necessary Regulatory Approvals to Complete Bombardier Transportation Sale to Alstom".
  151. ^ "Alstom completes Bombardier rail purchase for 5.5 billion euros". Reuters. 29 January 2021. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  152. ^ Kurup, N.K. (22 July 2012). "Alstom to make Sri City a global sourcing hub". Business Line. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
  153. ^ "1st Hyundai Rotem Train Arrives at Delhi Metro's Kalindi Kunj Depot". themetrorailguy.com. The Metro Rail Guy. 19 April 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2024. Last week on Monday, the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) silently welcomed its first new Hyundai Rotem train at the 38.235 km Magenta line's Kalindi Kunj Depot! This train is part of an 81 train-set (486 coach) order which the DMRC had placed in 2013 under contract RS10 for running services on the new Pink & Magenta lines of the Phase 3 project.
  154. ^ Pal Singh, Sudheer (5 June 2015). "Delhi Metro gets its first train from controversial Hyundai contract". business-standard.com. Business Standard. Retrieved 12 January 2024. DMRC would have to use the Hyundai-supplied 81 train sets (486 coaches) as it was advised by the government and Attorney General Mukul Rohatgi against cancellation of the contract.
  155. ^ "Hyundai Rotem Wins Ahmedabad Metro's 96 Coach Contract". themetrorailguy.com. The Metro Rail Guy. 8 November 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  156. ^ "Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Limited could double number of metro coaches". The Economic Times. 5 May 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2024. In the first phase of acquisition, BMRCL purchased 50 three-coach trains for a sum of Rs 1,700 crore. While the first five were built by Hyundai Rotem, Korea, the rest were manufactured in India by BRMM -a consortium of BEML, Hyundai Rotem, Mitsubishi Electric and Mitsubishi Corporation.
  157. ^ Amirapu, Deepika (11 September 2012). "L&T awards Hyderabad Metro Rail rolling stock contract to Hyundai Rotem". The Economic Times. Retrieved 12 January 2024. For the Hyderabad Metro Rail Project, a total of 171 cars (57 trains) have been ordered for a total value of Rs 1,800 crore approximately.
  158. ^ Dixit, Sameer; Srivastava, Ritesh K (15 August 2019). "Indian multinational Titagarh Firema wins bid for supply of 102 Aluminium bodied metro rail coaches". Zee News. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
  159. ^ www.ETInfra.com. "Titagarh Rail Systems bags Rs 857 cr order for Surat Metro Rail - ET Infra". ETInfra.com. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  160. ^ "First train of Namma Metro's Yellow Line rolls out from China". The Hindu. 20 November 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2024. In 2019, a Chinese company obtained a ₹1,578-crore contract to deliver 216 coaches to BMRCL.
  161. ^ "CSR Zhuzhou to supply Gurgaon trains". Railway Gazette International. 30 June 2010. Archived from the original on 9 August 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  162. ^ "Evolution of Kolkata Metro Rakes". mtp.indianrailways.gov.in. Metro Railway Kolkata. 28 March 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2024. Keeping pace with technological advancement and with the aim of providing more comfort to commuters, one China-made CRRC Dalian rake (MR-500 series) has been inducted in the Metro fleet on 17.03.2023. 13 such rakes will be procured for the Metro fleet in the near future.
  163. ^ Jog, Sanjay (15 October 2016). "China Railway Rolling Stock Corp bags Rs 851 cr Nagpur Metro contract". business-standard.com. Business Standard. Retrieved 13 January 2024. China Railway Rolling Stock Corporation (CRRC) has bagged the contract for the supply of 69 coaches to the Nagpur Metro, by beating BEML and Titaghar Wagon with the lowest bid of Rs 851 crore.
  164. ^ "CRRC metro train delivered in a satellite town of Indian capital". crrcgc.cc. CRRC. 5 December 2017. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024. The purchase order covers 19 complete vehicles (76 cars in all), the train is made of stainless steel, and comprises 2 motor train units, 2 trailers, and applies 4 marshalling units, and has a total passenger capacity of 1,034 persons. This is the second major purchase order of CRRC Nanjing Puzhen Co., Ltd. in India market after Mumbai Metro Line 1.
  165. ^ Newton, Jonathan (28 November 2023). "Navi Mumbai opens first metro line eight years late". railjournal.com. International Rail Journal. Retrieved 13 January 2024. While only eight three-car CRRC trains are currently being operate, Navi Mumbai's new metro has already become a great success, carrying over 100,000 passengers during its first 10 days in operation.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Urban_rail_transit_in_India&oldid=1316071815"