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Encyclopædia Iranica Skip to main content

Search in 9,082 entries of Encyclopædia Iranica

The Encyclopædia Iranica is a comprehensive research tool dedicated to the study of Iranian civilization in the Middle East, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent.

Featured Articles

NEŠALJ i. The Village

NEŠALJ i. The Village

NEŠALJ i. The Village Nešalj is located in Niāsar Rural…
8 min
TABRIZ v. The city in the 19th century

TABRIZ v. The city in the 19th century

TABRIZ v. The city in the 19th century  By the…
12 min
NAḴL

NAḴL

NAḴL, one of the principal objects related to the mourning…
13 min
BĀDGĪR

BĀDGĪR

BĀDGĪR (wind-tower), literally “wind catcher,” a traditional structure used for…
3 min
ḴᵛORMUJ

ḴᵛORMUJ

ḴvORMUJ, town and administrative center of Dašti Sub-province (šahrestān) in…
7 min
ʿALĀʾ-AL-SALṬANA

ʿALĀʾ-AL-SALṬANA

ʿALĀʾ-AL-SALṬANA, MOḤAMMAD-ʿALI, prime minister and diplomat of the late Qajar…
4 min
KUH-E ḴᵛĀJA

KUH-E ḴᵛĀJA

KUH-E ḴᵛĀJA, a well preserved archeological site of chiefly Sasanian…
48 min
PHILATELY i. The Postage Stamps of Iran

PHILATELY i. The Postage Stamps of Iran

PHILATELY i. The Postage Stamps of Iran. Both a utensil…
23 min
ZIGGURAT

ZIGGURAT

ZIGGURAT (Akkadian ziqqurratu  “temple-tower”), a tower consisting of several stages,…
14 min
GILĀN xxi. Cooking

GILĀN xxi. Cooking

GILĀN xxi. Cooking Eating habits and culinary preparations in Gilān…
40 min
KETĀBḴĀNA-YE MELLI-E TĀJIKESTĀN

KETĀBḴĀNA-YE MELLI-E TĀJIKESTĀN

KETĀBḴĀNA-YE MELLI-E TĀJIKESTĀN (Taj. Kitobḵonai millii Tojikiston), the National Library…
4 min

News & Events

Institutionalizing Iranian Studies
Institutionalizing Iranian StudiesEvents

Institutionalizing Iranian Studies

Saturday, September 13, 2025 Institutionalizing Iranian Studies: A Conference Dedicated to Dr. Elahé Omidyar Mir-Djalali for Her Lifetime Contributions to…
September 10, 2025
15th Biennial Conference of Iranian Studies – August 5-8, 2026
15th Biennial Conference of Iranian Studies – August 5-8, 2026Events

15th Biennial Conference of Iranian Studies – August 5-8, 2026

The Association for Iranian Studies (AIS) and The Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies at Utrecht University, The Netherlands invite…
July 24, 2025
2025-2026 UNC Chapel Hill CMEIS Annual Academic Lecture Series
2025-2026 UNC Chapel Hill CMEIS Annual Academic Lecture SeriesEvents

2025-2026 UNC Chapel Hill CMEIS Annual Academic Lecture Series

UNC Center for Middle East and Islamic Studies 2025-2026 UNC Chapel Hill CMEIS Annual Academic Lecture SeriesTelling Iran: Histories, Heroines,…
July 24, 2025

In collaboration with University of Toronto

Research Compendiums

Women Poets Iranica

Women Poets Iranica is an integrative encyclopedia of postclassical, modern, and contemporary women poets.

Women Poets Iranica

Cinema Iranica

Cinema Iranica provides historical articles on movies, genres, film movements, filmographies, directors, composers, stars.

Cinema Iranica

This monument of scholarship in Iranian Studies is a mine of detailed information, with bibliographical references, on every aspect of Iranian history, thought, languages, and civilization.

Dr. Farhad DaftaryInstitute of Ismaili Studies, in Journal of the American Oriental Society

La premiere fois qu'une encyclopédie pluridisciplinaire sur lʼIran est mise en chantier.

Prof. Jean CalmardUniversity of Paris, in Abstracta Iranica

A real tour de force. There is no project in the entire Middle Eastern field more worthy of support than the Encyclopaedia Iranica.

Prof. Richard N. FryeHarvard University, In Journal of the American Oriental Society

The Encyclopaedia Iranica volumes are the most extensive and important contributions to the study of Islamic and pre-Islamic Iranian history and culture that have been made in this century.

Dr. Prudence HarperCurator Emerita of Ancient Near Eastern Art at the Metropolitan Museum of Art

The Encyclopaedia Iranica will be judged as the most significant contribution of our century to the advancement of Iranian studies as a scholarly enterprise.

Prof. Ali BanuaziziBoston College, in International Journal of Middle East Studies

Une grande entreprise.

Prof. Gilbert LazardMembre de l'Institut, in Journal Asiatique

The foremost reference work on Iran ever produced and one of the premier reference works in the humanities published in our time.

Prof. Roy MottahedehHarvard University, in Middle East Journal

The Encyclopaedia Iranica is not just a necessity for Iranists; it is of inestimable value for everyone concerned with the history and culture of the Middle East.

Prof. Richard BullietColumbia University, in International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies

Encyclopaedia Iranica is indispensable for any scholarly work of specialists in the fields of Iranian and Islamic Studies. [It] deserves the highest praise and full support.

Prof. Werner EndeAlbert-Ludwigs-Universitat, in ZDMG