View source for Template:Ancient seafaring

{{Navbox with collapsible groups
| name       = Ancient seafaring
| title      = [[Ancient seafaring]]
| listclass  = hlist
| state = {{{state<includeonly>|{{{1|collapsed}}}</includeonly>}}}
| bodyclass = hlist
| groupstyle = vertical-align:center; text-align:center
| nowrapitems = yes
| titlestyle =
| selected = {{{1|}}}
| above      =

<!-- ============================= GROUP 1 – VESSELS ====================== -->
| group1     = [[Ancient navies and vessels|Vessels]]
| abbr1      = Vessels
| state1     = collapsed
| image1     = [[File:Galley - Layard - Ninive page 324 detail.png|120px|link=|alt=]]
| list1      =
 {{Navbox|child
  | group1 = [[Watercraft|Types]] <!--1.1-->
  | list1  = 
* [[Balangay]]
* [[Bangka (boat)|Bangka]]      <!-- 3000 – 1500 BCE -->
* [[Beden]]
* [[Coracle]]
* [[Dhow]]
* [[Dragon boat]]               <!-- 500 BCE -->
* [[Dugout canoe]]
* [[Fire ship]]                 <!-- 4th c. BCE -->
* [[Galley]]
** [[Penteconter]]
* [[K'unlun po|Kunlun ship]]    <!-- 2nd c. CE-->
* [[Liburna]]
* [[Longship]]                  <!-- 4th c. BCE -->
* [[Multihull]]
* [[Navis lusoria]]
* [[Obelisk ship]]
* [[Outrigger boat|Outriggers]]
** [[Sakman]]                   <!-- 3300 BCE -->
** [[Single-outrigger]]
** [[Catamaran]]
** [[Trimaran]]
* Polyremes
** [[Bireme]]
** [[Hellenistic-era warships|Oared warships]]
** [[Trireme]]
** [[Quadrireme]]
** [[Quinquereme]]
** [[Hexareme]]
** [[Tessarakonteres]]
* [[Raft]]                                    <!-- 20,000 BCE -->
* [[Reed boat]]
* [[Sailing ship]]
* [[Ancient Egyptian royal ships|Solar ship]] <!-- 2500 BCE -->
* [[Tomol]]
* ''[[Tākitimu]]''
* [[Uru (boat)|Uru]]

  | group2 = [[Ancient navies and vessels|by region]] <!--1.2-->
  | list2  = 
* [[Austronesian vessels#History|Austronesia]] <!-- 3000 BCE -->
* [[Ancient Egyptian navy|Egypt]]              <!-- 3rd millennium BCE -->
* [[Achaemenid navy|Persia]]                   <!-- 6th c. BCE -->
* [[Ships of ancient Rome|Rome]]               <!-- 3rd c. BCE -->

  | group3 = [[Marine propulsion|Propulsion]] <!--1.3-->
  | list3  = 
* [[Paddling]]
* [[Sailing]]
* [[Towpath|Towing]]
* [[Poling (watercraft)|Poling ]]

  | group4 = Components <!--1.4-->
  | list4  = 
* [[Anchor]]
* [[Bow (watercraft)|Bow]] 
* [[Cabin (ship)|Cabin]]
* [[Deck (ship)|Deck]]
* [[Figurehead (object)|Figurehead]]
* [[Hull (watercraft)|Hull]]             <!-- Egypt 3100 BCE -->
** [[Boat building#Construction materials and methods|Planking]]
* [[Keel]]                               <!-- before 315 BCE -->
* [[Mast (sailing)|Mast]]
* [[Oar]]
* [[Paddle]]
* [[Rope]]
* [[Rudder]] <!-- [[Rudder#Sternpost-mounted rudder]]: China 1st c. CE -->
* [[Rudder#History of the rudder|Steering oar]] <!-- Egypt 3100 BCE. [[Steering oar]] exists but is a stub. -->
* [[Sail]]
** [[Sail components]]
* [[Stem (ship)|Stem]]
* [[Sternpost]]
* [[Strake]]
* [[Nile boat#Boat design / steering|Tiller]] <!-- ~ 3200 BCE per [[Nile Boat]]. The article [[Tiller]] exists but says nothing about it. -->

  | group5 = [[Ancient shipbuilding techniques|Construction]] <!--1.5-->
  | list5  = 
* [[Boat building]]
* [[Careening]]
* [[Carvel (boat building)|Carvel built]]
* [[Clinker (boat building)|Clinker built]]
* [[Dugout (boat)|Dugout]]
* [[Ancient shipbuilding techniques#Framed boat|Framing]]
** [[Ancient shipbuilding techniques#Frame-first|Frame-first]]
** [[Ancient shipbuilding techniques#Shell-first|Shell-first]]
* [[Joinery]]
** [[Lashed-lug boat|Lashed-lug]]
** [[Mortise and tenon]]
** [[Phoenician joints|Phoenician joint]]
** [[Scarf joint]]
** [[Sewn boat|Sewn-plank]]
* [[Shipbuilding]]
* By region:
** [[Ancient Egyptian technology#Navigation and ship building|Egypt]]

  | group6 = [[Rigging]] <!--1.6-->
  | list6  = 
* [[Crab claw sail|Crab claw]]              <!-- 2000 BCE -->
* [[Fore-and-aft rig|Fore-and-aft]]
** [[Lateen]]
** [[Settee (sail)|Settee]]
** [[Tanja sail|Tanja]]
** [[Triangular sail rig|Triangular sail]]
* [[Junk rig|Junk]]
* [[Mast-aft rig|Mast-aft]]
* [[Spritsail]]
* [[Square rig|Square]]

  | group7 = Armaments <!--1.7-->
  | list7 =
* [[Ballista]]
* [[Catapult]]
* [[Corvus (boarding device)|Corvus]]
* [[Dolphin (weapon)|Dolphin]]
* [[Fire ship]]
* [[Harpax]]
* [[Naval ram|Ram]]
* [[Sambuca (siege engine)|Sambuca]]

  | group8 = [[Archaeology of shipwrecks|Wrecks{{br}}and relics]] <!--1.8-->
  | list8  = 

 {{Navbox|child
    | group1 = [[List of shipwrecks before Anno Domini|Earliest]] <!--1.8.1-->
    | list1  = 

* [[Pesse canoe]]                                  <!-- 8000 – 7500 BCE -->
* [[Dufuna canoe]]                                 <!-- 6550 BCE -->
* [[Abydos boats|Abydos]]	                        <!-- 2600-2500 BCE -->
* [[Moor Sand site|Moor Sand]]	                    <!-- 2000-1600 BCE -->
* [[Dokos shipwreck|Dokos]]                        <!-- 2500 BCE -->
* [[Khufu ship]]                                   <!-- 2500 BCE -->
* [[Ferriby Boats]]                                <!-- 2020 (boat 3) – 1680 BCE (boat 1) -->
* [[Dover Bronze Age Boat]]                        <!-- 1550 BCE -->
* [[Uluburun shipwreck|Uluburun]]                  <!-- 1500 BCE -->
* [[Canaanite shipwreck|Canaanite]]                <!-- 1300 BCE -->
* [[Cape Gelidonya#Bronze Age shipwreck|Cape Gelidonya]] <!-- 1200 BCE -->
* [[Zambratija shipwreck|Zambratija]]              <!-- 1200 BCE -->
* [[Wreck of Rochelongue|Rochelongue]]	            <!-- 600 BCE -->

    | group2 = [[Austronesian peoples|Austronesia]] <!-- 1.8.2 -->
    | list2 =

* [[Pontian boat]]                                 <!-- 260-430 CE -->
* [[Balangay#Butuan_boats|Butuan boats]]           <!-- 320-1250 CE;  r: [[Butuan boats]] -->

    | group3 = [[Ancient Black Sea shipwrecks|Black Sea‎]] <!-- 1.8.3 -->
    | list3 =

* [[Sinop D]]

    | group4 = Greek <!-- 1.8.4 -->
    | list4 =

* [[Kyrenia (ship)|Kyrenia]]                        <!-- 315 BCE -->
* [[Leontophoros]]                                  <!-- ~ 300 BCE -->
* ''[[Syracusia]]''                                 <!-- ~ 240 BCE -->
* [[Ashkelon shipwrecks|Ashkelon]]                  <!-- 2nd–1st c. BCE -->
* [[Antikythera wreck|Antikythera]]                 <!-- 75–50 BCE -->

    | group5 = Canaanite{{br}} and Phoenician <!-- 1.8.5 -->
    | list5 = 

* [[Bajo de la Campana Phoenician shipwreck|Bajo de la Campana]] <!-- 7th c. BCE --> 
* [[Canaanite shipwreck]]
* [[Gozo Phoenician shipwreck|Gozo]]
* [[Ma'agan Michael Ship|Ma'agan Michael]]
* [[Phoenician shipwrecks of Mazarrón|Mazarrón]]    <!-- second half of 7th century BCE -->

    | group6 = Punic <!-- 1.8.6 -->
    | list6 = 

* [[Marsala Punic shipwreck]]

    | group7 = Roman <!-- 1.8.7 -->
    | list7 =

* ''[[Alkedo]]''
* [[Arles Rhône 3]]
* [[Blackfriars shipwrecks|Blackfriars I]]
* [[Caligula's Giant Ship]]
* [[The Ships of De Meern|De Meern ships]]
* ''[[Isis (ship)|Isis]]''
* ''[[Madrague de Giens (shipwreck)|Madrague de Giens]]''
* [[Nemi ships]]
* [[Roman ship of Marausa|Marausa]]
* [[Yassi Ada]]

    | group8 = Nordic <!-- 1.8.8 -->
    | list8 =

* [[Hjortspring boat]]	                            <!-- 400-300 BCE -->
* [[Nydam Mose#Nydam boat|Nydam boat]]              <!-- 315 CE -->

    | group9 = Lists <!-- 1.8.9 -->
    | list9 =

* [[List of oldest surviving ships|Oldest surviving]]
* [[List of museum ships|Museum ships]]
* [[List of surviving ancient ships|Surviving ancient ships]]
  }} <!-- end child template of 1.8 Vessels -->

 }} <!--group 1 child box-->


<!-- =========== GROUP 2 – NAVIGATION, AND PORTS AND HARBORS ============== -->
| group2     = Navigation, and ports and harbors
| abbr2      = Navigation
| state2     = collapsed
| image2     = [[File:Galley - Layard - Ninive page 324 detail.png|120px|link=|alt=]]
| list2      = {{Navbox|child

  | group1 = [[Marine navigation|Navigation]] <!--2.1-->
  | list1  = 
<!-- Pilots and local knowledge - experienced pilots, oral trandition; what's that polynesian thing of stick and bead maps?-->
* [[Celestial navigation|Celestial]]
* [[History of cartography|Charts]]    <!-- [[Nautical chart]] exists, but has nothing historical -->
* [[Coastal navigation|Coastal]] 
** [[Lighthouses]]
* [[History of navigation|History]]
* [[Swell (ocean)#Navigation|Ocean swell]]
** [[Marshall Islands stick chart|Stick chart]]
* [[Periplus]]
* [[Piloting]]
** [[Pilot boat]]
** [[Maritime pilot]]
* By region:
** [[Inuit navigation|Inuit]]
** [[Micronesian navigation|Micronesian]]
** [[Polynesian navigation|Polynesia]]

  | group2 = [[Port#Historical ports|Ports]] and{{br}}harbors<!--2.2-->
  | list2  = 
* [[Actium]]
* [[Aden]]                                        <!-- Yemen 100 BCE-->
* [[Adulis]]                                      <!-- Eritrea 200 CE-->
* [[Alexandria Port|Alexandria]]                  <!-- Egypt 331 CE-->
* [[Apollonia (Cyrenaica)|Apollonia]]
* [[Arwad|Aradus]]
* [[Arikamedu]]                                   <!-- India 200 BCE-->
* [[Arsinoe (Gulf of Suez)|Arsinoe]]              <!-- Egypt -->
* [[Avalites]]                                    <!-- Somalia -->
* [[Barbarikon]]                                  <!-- Pakistan-->
* [[Bharuch|Barygaza]]                            <!-- India -->
* [[Basra]]                                       <!-- Iraq 636 CE-->
* [[Berenice Troglodytica]]                       <!-- Egypt -->
* [[Bosphorus]]
* [[Byblos]]
* [[Caesarea Maritima]]
* [[Canopus, Egypt|Canopus]]                      <!-- Egypt 500 BCE? -->
* [[Carthage]]
* [[Civitavecchia#History|Centumcellae]]
* [[Charmutha]]
* [[Chittagong]]                                  <!-- Bangladesh -->
* [[Delos]]
* [[Essina]]                                      <!-- Somalia 100 CE -->
* [[Jiaozhi|Giao Chỉ]]                            <!-- Vietnam -->
* [[Godavaya]]                                    <!-- Sri Lanka-->
* [[Port of Guangzhou|Guangzhou]]                 <!-- China: Qin dynasty 700 – 200 BCE -->
* [[Port of Jambukola|Jambukola]]                 <!-- Sri Lanka -->
* [[Jeddah]]                                      <!-- Saudi Arabia, 647 CE-->
* [[Puhar, Mayiladuthurai|Kaveri Poompattinam]]   <!-- India -->
* [[Kedah]]                                       <!-- Malaysia 110 CE-->
* [[Korkai]]                                      <!-- India -->
* [[Leptis Magna]]
* [[Lothal#Dockyard|Lothal]]                      <!-- India 2200 BCE -->
* [[Manthai]]                                     <!-- Sri Lanka-->
* [[Madurai]]                                     <!-- India-->
* [[Malao]]                                       <!-- Somaliland 0 CE-->
* [[Mersa Gawasis]]                               <!-- Egypt 19th – 17th c. BCE -->
* [[Myos Hormos]]                                 <!-- Egypt 3rd c. BCE -->
* [[Mottama|Martaban]]                            <!-- Myanmar, 200 BCE -->
* [[Chonburi province|Mueang Phra Rot]]           <!-- Thailand 600 CE -->
* [[Muscat]]                                      <!-- Oman -->
* [[Muziris]]                                     <!-- India -->
* [[Narbonne]]
* [[Nisida|Nesis]]
* [[Óc Eo]] ([[Cattigara]])                       <!-- Cambodia 100 CE-->
* [[Opone]]                                       <!-- Somalia 1000 BCE -->
* [[Ostia Antica]]                                <!-- Rome ~ 7th - 4th c. BCE -->
* [[Palembang]]                                   <!-- Indonesia 682 CE -->
* [[Piraeus#Ancient and medieval times|Piraeus]]  <!-- Greece (Classical period) -->
* [[Portus|Portus Augusti]]
* [[Pisa#Ancient times|Portus Pisanus]]
* [[Prosphorion Harbour|Prosphorion]]             <!-- C'nople 657 BCE -->
* [[Ptolemais Theron]]
* [[Pozzuoli|Puteoli]]
* [[Qal'at al-Bahrain]]                           <!-- Bahrain 2300 BCE -->
* [[Qandala]]                                     <!-- Somalia-->
* [[Kollam|Quilon]]                               <!-- India 400 BCE-->
* [[Rhacotis]]                                    <!-- Egypt 3000 BCE? -->
* [[Sarapion]]                                    <!-- Somalia 0 CE -->   
* [[Sathing Phra district|Satingpra]]             <!-- Thailand, 200 BCE - 1200 CE -->
* [[Sidon]]
* [[Socotra]]
* [[Sonargaon|Sounagoura]]                        <!--Bangladesh-->
* [[Thapsus]]
* [[Trincomalee]]                                 <!-- Sri Lanka 400 BCE -->
* [[Tulum]]
* [[Tyndis]]                                      <!-- India -->
* [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]]
* [[Wadi al-Jarf]]                                <!-- Egypt 4500 -->
* [[History of Zanzibar|Zanzibar]]                <!-- 2500 BCE -->
}} <!-- end child box 


<!-- ============================= GROUP 3 – HISTORY ====================== -->
| group3 = [[Ancient maritime history|History]]
| abbr3  = History
| state3     = collapsed
| image3     = [[File:Galley - Layard - Ninive page 324 detail.png|120px|link=|alt=]]
| list3  = {{Navbox|child
  | group1 = [[Maritime prehistory|Prehistory]] <!--3.1-->
  | list1  = 
* [[Maritime timeline#Prehistory|Timeline]]
* [[Prehistoric Britain|Britain]]
* [[Oceania#Prehistory of Oceania|Oceania]]  <!-- 70,000 BP -->
** [[Remote Oceania|Remote]]                 <!-- 33,000 BCE -->
** [[Near Oceania|Near]]                     <!-- 3500 BCE -->
* [[Ubaid period]]                           <!-- 5000 BCE (sailing) -->
* [[Indus Valley Civilisation|Indus Valley]] <!-- 3300 BCE – 1300 BCE -->                 

  | group2 = Civilizations <!--3.2-->
  | list2  = <!-- hard to establish relevant dates; maybe better to just redo this alphabetically -->
* [[Ancient Egypt]]                          <!-- 3100 – 30 BCE -->
** [[Old Kingdom of Egypt|Old Kingdom]]      <!-- 2686 – 2181 BCE -->
* [[Austronesian peoples|Austronesia]]       <!-- 3000 –       -->
** [[Sa Huỳnh culture|Sa Huỳnh]]             <!-- 1000 BCE - 200 CE -->
** [[Lapita culture|Lapita]]                 <!-- 1600 - 1500 BCE -->
** [[Micronesians|Micronesia]]               <!-- 1500 BCE -->
** [[Langkasuka]]                            <!-- 100 CE -->
** [[Kedah]]                                 <!-- 110 CE -->
** [[Champa]]                                <!-- 200 CE -->
** [[Kutai]]                                 <!-- 399 CE -->
** [[Tarumanagara]]                          <!-- 450 CE -->
** [[Kalingga kingdom|Kalingga]]             <!-- 500 CE -->
** [[Srivijaya]]                             <!-- 600 CE -->
** [[Sunda Kingdom|Sunda]]                   <!-- 699 CE -->
** [[Polynesians|Polynesia]]                 <!-- 700 CE -->   
* [[Minoan Civilization|Minoan]]             <!-- 2600 – 1100 BCE -->
* [[Indus Valley Civilisation|Indus Valley]] <!-- 2600 – 1900 BCE -->
* [[Tamilakam]]
** [[Chola dynasty|Chola]]                   <!-- 300 BCE -->
** [[Chera dynasty|Chera]]                   <!-- 400 BCE -->
** [[Pandya dynasty|Pandya]]                 <!-- 400 BCE -->
* [[Maritime history of Somalia|Somalia]]    <!-- 0 CE? -->
* [[Dilmun]]                                 <!-- 2200 BCE – 1600 BCE ('Golden age') -->
* [[Maya civilization|Maya]]                 <!-- 2000 BCE – 1700 CE --> 
* [[Nuragic civilization|Nuragic]]           <!-- 2000 – 238 BCE; seagoing from 1200?? BCE --> 
* [[Mycenaean Greece|Mycenaean]]             <!-- 1600 – 1100 BCE -->
* [[Phoenicia]]                              <!-- 1500 – 300 BCE -->
* [[Olmecs]]                                 <!-- 1500 – 400 BCE -->
* [[Carthaginian civilization|Carthage]]     <!-- 814 – 146 BCE -->
* [[Greek city-states|Greece]]               <!-- 800 – 146 BCE -->
** [[Archaic Greece|Archaic]]                <!-- 800 – 480 BCE -->
** [[Classical Greece|Classical]]            <!-- 510 – 323 BCE -->
* [[Ancient Rome|Rome]]                          <!-- 8th c. BCE – 476 CE -->
* [[Achaemenid Empire|Achaemenid]]           <!-- 550 – 330 BCE -->
* [[Nabataean Kingdom|Nabatea]]              <!-- 300 BCE - 106 CE-->
* [[Kingdom of Aksum|Aksum]]                 <!-- 0 -960 CE -->

  | group3 = [[Timeline of maritime migration and exploration|Migration and{{br}}exploration]] <!--3.3-->
  | list3  = 
* [[Peopling of Australia]]                                             <!-- 65,000 – 50,000 BP -->
* [[Peopling of Micronesia]]                                            <!-- 3300 – 2800 BCE -->
* [[Austronesian peoples#Migration from Taiwan|Austronesian Expansion]] <!-- 3000 – 1500 BCE -->
* [[Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul]]                                          <!-- 600 BCE -->
* [[Ocean exploration]]
* [[Phoenician maritime expansion]]                                     <!-- 1200 – 300 BCE -->
** [[Phoenician–Punic Sardinia|Sardinia]]                               <!-- 900 – 200 BCE -->
** [[Necho II#Phoenician expedition|Circumnavigation of Africa]]        <!-- 600 BCE -->
* [[Pytheas#Voyage to Britain|Pytheas's voyage to Britain]]              <!-- 325 BCE -->
* [[Gnaeus Julius Agricola|Roman circumnavigation of Britain]]          <!-- 80 CE -->
* [[Timeline of maritime migration and exploration|Timeline]]

  | group4 = Mariners and{{br}}explorers <!--3.4-->
  | list4 = 
* [[Henenu (high steward)|Henenu]] <!-- 20th c. BCE -->
* [[Euthymenes]]              <!-- 6th c.  CE -->
* [[Hanno the Navigator]]     <!-- 500 BCE -->
* [[Himilco]]                 <!-- 600-500 BCE -->
* [[Sataspes]]                <!-- 5th c.  CE -->
* [[Androsthenes of Thasos]]  <!-- 4th c.  CE -->
* [[Archias of Pella]]        <!-- 4th c.  CE -->
* [[Alexander the Great]]     <!-- 4th c.  CE -->
* [[Nearchus]]                <!-- 4th c.  CE -->
* [[Pytheas]]                 <!-- 320 BCE -->
* [[Megasthenes]]             <!-- 3rd c.  BCE -->
* [[Xu Fu]]                   <!-- 3rd c.  BCE -->
* [[Hippalus]]                <!-- 1st c. BCE -->
* [[Julius Caesar]]           <!-- 1st c. BCE -->
* [[Eudoxus of Cyzicus]]      <!-- 130 BCE -->
* [[Maes Titianus]]           <!-- 100 CE -->

  | group5 = Military <!--3.5-->
  | list5  =  {{Navbox|child

    | group1 = [[Ancient navies and vessels|Navies]] <!--3.5.1-->
    | list1  = 
*   [[Ancient Egyptian navy|Egyptian]]
*   [[Achaemenid navy|Achaemenid]]
*   [[Ancient Greek warfare#Naval tactics|Greek]]
*   [[Roman navy|Roman]]

    | group2 = [[List of naval battles|Battles]] <!--3.5.2-->
    | list2  = 
*   '''Mediterranean:''' &nbsp;<!--
--> [[Battles of Alashiya|Alashiya]]               <!-- 1275 – 1205 BCE -->
*   [[Battle of the Delta|Nile Delta]]             <!-- 1175 BCE -->
*   [[Battle of Salamis|Salamis]]                  <!--  480 BCE -->
*   [[Battle of Artemisium|Artemisium]]            <!--  480 BCE -->
*   [[Battle of Eurymedon|Eurymedon]]              <!--  466 BCE -->
*   [[Battle of Naupactus|Naupactus]]              <!--  429 BCE -->
*   [[Battle of Olpae|Olpae]]                      <!--  426 BCE -->
*   [[Sicilian Expedition|Syracuse]]               <!--  414 BCE -->
*   [[Battle of Cynossema|Cynossema]]              <!--  411 BCE -->
*   [[Battle of Arginusae|Arginusae]]              <!--  406 BCE -->
*   [[Battle of Mytilene (406 BC)|Mytilene]]       <!--  406 BCE -->
*   [[Battle of Hellespont|Hellespont]]            <!--  323 BCE -->
*   [[Battle of the Echinades (322 BC)|Echinades]] <!--  322 BCE -->
*   [[Battle of Salamis (306 BC)|Salamis II]]      <!--  306 BCE -->
*   [[Battle of Mylae|Mylae]]                      <!--  260 BCE -->
*   [[Battle of Cape Hermaeum|Cape Hermaeum]]      <!--  256 BCE -->
*   [[Battle of Ecnomus|Ecnomus]]                  <!--  256 BCE -->
*   [[Battle of Drepana|Drepana]]                  <!--  249 BCE -->
*   [[Battle of the Aegates|Aegates]]              <!--  241 BCE -->
*   [[Battle of Lake Trasimene|Lake Trasimene]]    <!--  217 BCE -->
*   [[Battle of Chios (201 BC)|Chios]]             <!--  201 BCE -->
*   [[Battle of Myonessus|Myonessus]]              <!--  190 BCE -->
*   [[Battle of the Nile|Nile]]                    <!--   47 BCE -->
*   [[Battle of Naulochus|Naulochus]]              <!--   36 BCE -->
*   [[Battle of Mycale|Mycale]]                    <!--   31 BCE -->
*   [[Battle of Actium|Actium]]                    <!--   31 BCE -->

    | group3 = Tactics <!--3.5.3-->
    | list3  = 
*   [[Naval boarding|Boarding]]
*   [[Grappling hook|Grappling]]                   <!--  260 BCE -->
*   [[Incendiary device|Incendiaries]]
*   [[Oared vessel tactics|Oared vessels]] 
*   [[Sailing ship tactics|Sailing ships]]
*   [[Ancient Greek warfare#Naval tactics|Greek navy]]
*   [[Ramming]]
  }} <!--end child box 3.5 Military -->

  | group6 = By region <!--3.6-->
  | list6  = 

* [[Chinese exploration|China]]
* [[Indian maritime history|India]]
** [[Maritime history of Odisha|Odisha]]
* [[Naval history of Japan|Japan]]
* [[Ships of ancient Rome|Rome]]
* [[Maritime history of South America|South America]]
** [[Pre-Columbian rafts|Rafts]]
 }} <!--end group 3 child box History-->


<!-- ======================== GROUP 4 – ECONOMY AND TRADE ================= -->
| group4     = Economy and [[Trade#Ancient history|trade]]
| abbr4      = Economy
| state4     = collapsed
| image4     = [[File:Galley - Layard - Ninive page 324 detail.png|120px|link=|alt=]]
| list4      =
* [[History of whaling|Whaling]]                                <!-- 6000 BCE -->
* [[History of fishing|Fishing]]                                <!-- 4000 BCE via reed boat -->
* [[Ancient Egyptian trade|Egypt]]                              <!-- 27th-22nd c. BCE -->
** [[Land of Punt]]                                             <!-- 27th-22nd c. BCE -->
* [[Indo–Mesopotamia relations]]                                <!-- 2500 BCE -->
* [[Meluhha]]                                                   <!-- 2300 BCE -->
* [[Tin sources and trade in ancient times#Trade|Tin]]          <!-- 2000 BCE -->
* [[Spice trade]]                                               <!-- 1500 BCE -->
* [[History of Southeast Asia#Early historical era|Austronesian network]] <!-- 1500 BCE --.
* [[British Iron Age#Economy of Iron Age Britain|Iron Age Britain]] <!-- 800 BCE - 43 CE -->
* [[Sa Huynh-Kalanay Interaction Sphere|Sa Huynh-Kalanay]]      <!-- 500 BCE -->
* [[Incense trade route|Incense trade]]                         <!-- 3rd c. BCE -->
* [[Maritime Silk Road]]                                        <!-- 2nd c. BCE -->
* ''[[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]''                        <!-- 1st c. CE -->
* [[Maritime trade in the Maya civilization|Maya]]              <!-- 250 – 900 CE -->
* [[Economy of ancient Greece#Trade|Greece]]
** [[Ancient Greece–Ancient India relations#Trade|Greco–Indian]] <!-- 1st c. BCE -->
** [[Greek shipping|shipping]]
* [[Roman commerce#Sea routes|Rome]]
** [[Indo-Roman trade relations|Indo–Roman]]                    <!-- 30 BCE -->


<!-- ========================= GROUP 5 – PIRACY =========================== -->
| group5     = Piracy
| abbr5      = Piracy
| state5     = collapsed
| image5     = [[File:Galley - Layard - Ninive page 324 detail.png|120px|link=|alt=]]
| list5      =
* [[Piracy#History|History]]
* [[Ancient Mediterranean piracy|Mediterranean piracy]]        <!-- 1350 BCE -->
* [[Ameinias the Phocian]]                                     <!-- 275 BCE -->
* [[Cilician pirates]]                                         <!-- 2nd c. BCE -->
* [[Jewish pirates#Piracy in the ancient world: pirates of Joppa|Jewish pirates]] <!-- 150  BCE -->
* [[Early life and career of Julius Caesar#Kidnapping by pirates|Kidnapping of Julius Caesar]] <!-- 75  BCE -->
* [[Pompey's campaign against the pirates]]                    <!-- 67  BCE -->

<!-- ======================= GROUP 6 – RESEARCH AND EDUCATION ============= -->
| group6 = Research and education
| abbr6      = Research
| state6     = collapsed
| image6     = [[File:Galley - Layard - Ninive page 324 detail.png|120px|link=|alt=]]
| list6 = {{Navbox|child
  | group1 = Scholars <!--6.1-->
  | list1  = {{Navbox|child

    | group1 = Historians <!--6.1.1-->
    | list1 =
*     [[David Blackman]]
*     [[Lionel Casson]]
*     [[Fik Meijer]]
*     [[John Sinclair Morrison]]
*     [[William Ledyard Rodgers|William L. Rodgers]]
*     [[Chester G. Starr]]

    | group2 = Archaeologists <!--6.1.2-->
    | list2 =
*     [[George Bass (archaeologist)|George Bass]]
*     [[Jean-Yves Empereur]]
*     [[Boris Rankov]]
*     [[J. Richard Steffy]]
*     [[Peter Throckmorton]]
*     [[Shelley Wachsmann]] <!-- [[d:Q113782065]] -->
    }}<!-- end child navbox Scholars -->

  | group2 = Topics{{br}}and theories<!--6.2-->
  | list2  = 
* [[Coastal defence and fortification]]
* [[Grave goods]]
* [[Lighthouse]]s
** [[Lighthouse of Alexandria|Alexandria]]
* [[Marine art]]
* [[Marine navigation]]
* [[Maritime archaeology]]
* [[Naval warfare#Mediterranean Sea|Naval warfare]]
* Maritime temples
** [[Temple of Isthmia]] 
** [[Temple of Poseidon, Sounion]]
** [[Samothrace temple complex]]
* [[Nusantao Maritime Trading and Communication Network|Nusantao network]]
* [[Theory of Phoenician discovery of the Americas|Phoenician discovery of America]]
* [[Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories|Pre-Columbian theories]]
* [[Sea Peoples]]
* [[Shipbuilding]]
* [[Midden#Shells|Shell middens]] <!-- r: Shell middens-->
* [[Ship burial]]
* [[Tacking (sailing)|Tacking]]
* [[Thalassocracy]]
* [[Underwater archaeology]]  
* [[Underwater exploration]]
  <!-- There is no group 6.3 -->

  | group4 = Sites <!--6.4-->
  | list4  = 
* [[H3 (Kuwait)|H3]]                                           <!-- 5520 BCE -->
* [[Qal'at al-Bahrain]]       <!-- site of [[Dilmun]]               2300 BCE -->

  | group5 = Experimental{{br}}archaeology <!--6.5--> <!-- Info-poor article at: [[Experimental archaeology]] -->
  | list5  = 
* [[Ship replica]]
* [[Thor Heyerdahl|Heyerdahl expeditions]] <!-- Heyerdahl's voyages are regarded as pseudoscience. Should it be included here? -->
** ''[[Kon-Tiki expedition|Kon-Tiki]]''                         <!-- 1947 -->
** [[Thor Heyerdahl#Boats Ra and Ra II|''Ra'' and ''Ra II'']]   <!-- 1969–1970--> 
* Austronesian replicas               
** ''[[Hōkūleʻa]]''                                            <!-- 1975 -->  
** ''[[Sarimanok (vinta)|Sarimanok]]'' <!-- 1985 -->
** ''[[Te Au o Tonga]]''                                       <!-- 1994 -->  
** ''[[Hawaiʻiloa#Canoe|Hawaiʻiloa canoe]]''                   <!-- 1994 -->
** ''[[Samudra Raksa]]''                                       <!-- 2003 -->
** ''[[Alingano Maisu]]''                                      <!-- 2007 -->
** ''[[Sakman|Saina]]''                                        <!-- 2008 -->
** [[Balangay#Balangay Voyage|Balangay Voyage]]                <!-- 2009 -->
** ''[[Faʻafaite]]''                                           <!-- 2009 -->
** ''[[Gaualofa]]''                                            <!-- 2009 -->
** ''[[Marumaru Atua]]''                                       <!-- 2009 -->
* Mediterranean
** ''[[Olympias (trireme)|Olympias]]''                          <!-- 1987 -->
** ''[[Navis lusoria#Other reconstructions|Regina]]''           <!-- 2004 -->
** [[Phoenician Ship Expedition]]                               <!-- 2008 -->
* [[Viking ship replica|Viking replicas]]
** ''[[Viking (replica Viking longship)|Viking]]''
* Others
** [[Vital Alsar Pacific raft expeditions|Vital Alsar]] <!-- 1966 ('70, '73) balsa sailing raft -->
** [[Ivlia (ship)|''Ivlia'']]                           <!-- 1989 bireme -->
** [[Abora (expeditions)|Abora]]                        <!-- 1996 reed sailing raft -->
** [[Viracocha expedition|Viracocha]]                   <!-- 2000 reed sailing raft  -->
** [[Tangaroa Expedition|Tangaroa]]                     <!-- 2006 reed sailing raft -->
** [[Ferriby Boats#Oakleaf|Oakleaf]]                    <!-- 2002 Ferriby boat --> 
** [[Ferriby Boats#Morgawr|Morgawr]]                    <!-- 2012 Ferriby boat --> 

  | group6 = Institutes and {{br}}conferences<!--6.6-->
  | list6  = 
* [[Advisory Council on Underwater Archaeology]]
* [[Archaeological Institute of America]]
* [[European Association of Archaeologists]]
* [[Institute of Nautical Archaeology]] <!-- US -->
* [[International Congress of Maritime Museums]]
* [[Nautical Archaeology Society]] <!-- UK -->
* [[RPM Nautical Foundation]]
* [[Sea Research Society]]
* [[Society for American Archaeology]]

  | group7 = Museums and{{br}}memorials <!--6.7-->
  | list7  = 
* [[Boat Museum, Kolkata]]
* [[Bodrum Castle#Museum of Underwater Archaeology|Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology]]
* [[Giza Solar boat museum]]
* [[Grand Egyptian Museum]]
* [[Kyrenia Castle#Shipwreck museum|Ancient Shipwreck Museum at Kyrenia Castle]]
* [[Museum of Ancient Seafaring]]
* [[Museum of Ancient Ships, Pisa]]
* [[National Museum of Subaquatic Archaeology]]
<!--
* [[Ulsan Petroglyph Museum]] (red link)
-->
* Viking ship museums:
** [[Viking Ship Museum (Oslo)|Oslo]]
** [[Viking Ship Museum (Roskilde)|Roskilde]]

 }} <!--group 6 child box-->


<!-- ================= GROUP 7 – LEGEND AND LITERATURE ==================== -->
  | group7 = Legend and literature
  | abbr7  = Legend
  | state7 = collapsed
  | image7 = [[File:Galley - Layard - Ninive page 324 detail.png|120px|link=|alt=]]
  | list7  = 

 {{Navbox|child
  | group1 = [[Legend]] <!--7.1-->
  | list1  = 
* [[Ark of bulrushes]]
* [[List of flood myths|Flood myths]]
** [[Genesis flood narrative|Genesis]]
** [[Gilgamesh flood myth|Gilgamesh]]
** [[Ancient Greek flood myths|Greek]]

  | group2 = [[Literature]] <!--7.2-->
  | list2  = 
* ''[[Odyssey]]''                                           <!-- 8th – 7th c. BCE (written; events from 1194 BCE) -->
* [[Histories (Herodotus)|''Histories'' (Herodotus)]]    <!-- 430 BCE -->
* ''[[On the Ocean (Pytheas)|On the Ocean]]''               <!-- 315 BCE -->
* ''[[Argonautica]]''                                       <!-- 3rd c. BCE -->
* [[Histories (Polybius)|''Histories'' (Polybius)]] <!-- 140 BCE -->
* ''[[Metamorphoses]]''                                     <!-- 8 CE -->
* ''[[Geography (Ptolemy)|Geography]]''                     <!-- 150 CE -->
* ''[[Aeneid]]''                                            <!-- 29 BCE -->
 }} <!--group 7 child box-->

| below      =
<!-- probably some categories here -->

}}<noinclude>
{{navbox documentation|collapsed
|intro=
== Parameters ==

* {{para|1}} – group id of group to be expanded; no default, if omitted, nothing expanded. Possible values of 'group id':
** {{pval|Vessels}} ⟶ expand the "Vessels" section
** {{pval|Navigation}} ⟶ expand section "Navigation, and ports and harbors"
** {{pval|History}} ⟶ expand section "History" 
** {{pval|Economy}} ⟶ expand section "Economy and trade" 
** {{pval|Piracy}} ⟶ expand section "Piracy"
** {{pval|Research}} ⟶ expand section "Research and education"
** {{pval|Legend}} ⟶ expand section "Legend and literature"

|3=
== See also ==
{{Navboxes |list1= <!--Alphabetized per title on title bar, not template filename-->
  {{Ancient Egypt topics}}
  {{Ancient Greece topics}}
  {{Ancient Rome topics}}
  {{Archaeology}}
  {{Austronesian ships}}
  {{Centuries and millennia}}
  {{Early human migrations}}
  {{Fishing history|state=collapsed}}
  {{Illyrians}}
  {{World's largest wooden ships}}<!--Largest wooden ships-->
  {{Prehistoric technology}}
  {{Sail types}}
  {{Seamanship}}
  {{Oldest surviving ships (pre-1919)}}<!--Surviving ships launched before 1919-->
  {{Trade route 2}}
  {{Sailing vessels and rigs}}<!--Types of Sailing vessels and rigs-->
}}<!--end navboxes-->
}}<!--end navbox documentation-->
{{Sandbox other||
[[Category:Ancient history navigational boxes|Seafaring]]
[[Category:Water transport templates]]
}}</noinclude>