Saa paper

This article is about Southeast Asian mulberry paper. For Southeast Asian paper made from Streblus asper, see Khoi paper.

Saa paper

Type	Mulberry paper
Material	Paper mulberry bark
Place of origin	Laos, Thailand
Manufacturer	Thailand (majority)

Saa paper (Thai: กระดาษสา, Shan: ကြေစာ, ce-saa) is a Mainland Southeast Asia mulberry paper, made from the bark the saa tree, or paper mulberry. Saa paper is traditionally handmade but is now also machine-made.

History

Main article: Mulberry paper

Saa paper was historically used as a wrapper for opium in the Golden Triangle.

Manuscripts

Laos

Main article: Folding-book manuscript

In Laos, saa paper is used in phap sacode: lao promoted to code: lo folding-book manuscripts, as well as phap huacode: lao promoted to code: lo traditionally bound books.

Myanmar

Saa paper was used for Shan manuscripts of Buddhist texts and folk literature up through the 20th century; traditional writing implements were a fern pen (kam-kut), and ink made of soot and animal bile.

Production

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  Mulberry bark before soaking
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  Soaked bark is shredded
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  Pounding mulberry bark into pulp
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  Slurry being screened and thinned out by hand

Production begins with branches of paper mulberry. The branches are dew-retted, soaked and steamed, then the bast fiber separated from the bark. The bast is treated in an alkaline solution, then pounded into a pulp. In handmade paper production, a deckle is used to screen the pulp slurry into single sheets.

The final paper is insect-resistant and remains durable for centuries.

Laos has become a major exporter of mulberry bark for industrial saa paper production in Thailand, ever since the Lao economic reforms of the late 1980s. As of 2012, between 80% and 95% of the mulberry bark used in the Thai saa paper industry was imported from Laos, primarily from the provinces Sainyabuli, Luang Prabang and Oudomxay; a further percentage came from Myanmar. Laotian bark farmers see returns as much as ten times higher from exporting their bark as opposed to supplying small local mills for the tourism industry.

A 2009 study of northern Laotian mulberry bark collecters found that 4.4% of those interviewed knew that the final product of the bark was saa paper.