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Help:IPA/Cantonese - Wikipedia Jump to content

Help:IPA/Cantonese

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following tables list the International phonetic Alphabet used for Cantonese. Refer to {{IPAc-yue}} for a template converting Jyutping to IPA.

Key

[edit]
Initial consonants[i]
IPA J Y Examples[ii]
f f [jɐt̚˥ ŋam˨˩ jɐt̚˥ fɐt̚˥] 一岩一窟
h h [lej˨˩ hɔŋ˨˩ lej˨˩ lat̚˨] 離行離迾
j j y[iii] [fɐt̚˨ tɔw˥ jɐw˨˧ fɔ˨˥] 佛都有火
k g [maj˨˧ siw˨˥ kin˧ siw˨˥] 買少見少
kʰ k [kʰɛ˨˩ ŋɐw˨˩ wɐn˨˥ ma˨˧] 騎牛揾馬
kʷ gw [mɔŋ˨ tʰin˥ ta˨˥ kʷa˧] 望天打卦
kʷʰ kw [kʷʰɛn˨˩ maj˨˩] 群埋
l l [fat̚˧ lɔŋ˥ lɐj˨˥] 發狼戾
m m [lɵɥ˨ jɐn˨˩ lɵɥ˨ mɐt̚˨] 累人累物
n n [mej˨ jɐw˨˧ nɔj˨˥] 未有耐
ŋ ng [taj˨ ŋɔn˥ tsi˨˥ ji˨˧] 大安旨意
p b [tsa˧ sɔ˨˩ pan˨ mʊŋ˨˥] 詐傻扮懵
pʰ p [jɐt̚˥ pʰɔw˥ tsʰɪŋ˥ tɔj˨˥] 一鋪清袋
s[iv] s [lɔk̚˨ sɐw˨˥ lɔk̚˨ kœk̚˧] 落手落腳
t d [mɐn˥ tɔw˥ fɐn˧] 蚊都瞓
tʰ t [hɔw˨˥ hɔw˨˥ tʰɐj˨˥ tʰɐj˨˥] 好好睇睇
ts[v] z j [lin˨ tsɛŋ˥ hɔk̚˨ lan˨˧] 練精學懶
tsʰ[vi] c ch [mɔw˨˩ tsʰɪŋ˨˩ pak̚˨ si˨] 無情白事
w w [wa˨ tɐk̚˥ maj˨˩] 話得埋
Vocalic finals[i]
IPA J Y Examples[ii]
a aa a [ŋɔn˥ lɔk̚˨ tsʰa˨˩ fan˨] 安樂茶飯
aj[vii] aai [jɐn˨˩ sɐj˧ kʷɐj˨˥ taj˨] 人細鬼大
aw[vii] aau [lɔw˨˧ maw˥ siw˥ sɔw˥] 老貓燒鬚
ɛ e [fɔ˨˥ tsɛ˥ ŋan˨˧] 火遮眼
ej[vii] ei [lɐm˨˩ mej˨˧ hœŋ˥] 臨尾香
ɐj[vii] ai [tsɐt̚˨ tʰɐw˨˩ tsɐt̚˨ sɐj˧] 窒頭窒勢
ɐw[vii] au [ŋan˧ tsɐw˧] 晏晝
i i [tɪŋ˨ si˨˩ tɪŋ˨ hɐw˨] 定時定候
iw[vii] iu [tiw˧ jɐn˨˧] 吊癮
ɔ o [tsɔw˨ mɔ˨ sɐm˥] 做磨心
œ oe eu [kœ˧ pʰa˨˥] 鋸扒
ɔj[vii] oi [pɔ˥ lɔ˨˩ kɔj˧] 菠蘿蓋
ɔw[vii] ou [tsɔw˨ hɔw˨˥ tsɔw˨ tsʰɐw˨˥] 做好做醜
ɵɥ[viii][vii] eoi eui [jɐm˨˥ paw˨˥ sɪk̚˨ tsɵɥ˧] 飲飽食醉
u u [ku˥ mɐt̚˨ lɵn˨] 姑勿論
uj ui [muj˨˩ fa˥ kan˧ tsʊk̚˥] 梅花間竹
y yu [mɔk̚˥ kʷɔŋ˥ tsy˥] 剝光豬
Nasal finals[i]
IPA J Y Examples[ii]
-m m̩ m [pun˨˥ tej˨ kœŋ˥ m̩˨˩ lat̚˨] 本地薑唔辣
am aam [ŋam˨˩ tsʰam˨˩] 岩巉
ɐm am [jɐm˨˥ tʰɐw˨˩ tam˨ tʰɔŋ˥] 飲頭啖湯
im im [tsim˥ hɔn˨˩ tsim˥ tʊŋ˧] 沾寒沾凍
-n an aan [mej˨˩ tsɪŋ˥ ŋan˨˧ kʰej˨˧] 眉精眼企
ɐn an [jɐw˨˧ mɐn˨˩ jɐw˨˧ lɔw˨] 有紋有路
in in [lɐj˨˧ ji˥ pin˥] 禮衣邊
ɵn[viii] eon eun [nɐw˨˥ tsɵn˨ lʊk̚˨ jɐm˨˩] 扭盡六壬
ɔn on [fat̚˧ tsʰin˨˥ hɔn˨˩] 發錢寒
un un [mɔ˨˥ mun˨˩ tɛŋ˥] 摸門釘
yn yun [ŋan˨˧ jyn˥] 眼冤
-ŋ ŋ̍ ng [ŋ̍˨˧ ŋ̍˨˧ pɔ˥] 五五波
aŋ aang [haŋ˨˩ tsʰa˥ tap̚˨ tsʰɔ˧] 行差踏錯
ɐŋ ang [tsɐŋ˨ hɪŋ˧] 贈興
ɛŋ eng [fɐn˧ lɐj˨˥ kɛŋ˨˥] 瞓捩頸
ɪŋ ing [tsi˥ tsi˥ tsɪŋ˨˥ tsɪŋ˨˥] 姿姿整整
ɔŋ ong [mɔw˨˧ sɐm˥ tsɔŋ˥ tsɔj˧] 冇心裝載
œŋ oeng eung [jim˨˩ mɛŋ˨ tsʰœŋ˨˩] 嫌命長
ʊŋ ung [kan˧ tsʊŋ˥] 間中
Checked finals[i]
IPA J Y Examples[ii]
-p̚ ap̚ aap [mɔw˨˧ tap̚˧ sap̚˧] 冇搭霎
ɐp̚ ap [lɔk̚˨ jy˨˧ si˥ sɐp̚˥] 落雨斯濕
ip̚ ip [tip̚˨ maj˨˩ sɐm˥ sɵɥ˨˥] 疊埋心水
-t̚ at̚ aat [lat̚˨ tʰat̚˧] 邋遢
ɐt̚ at [tɔŋ˨ sɐt̚˥ lɔw˨] 蕩失路
it̚ it [pɔk̚˨ tsʰit̚˥ tsʰit̚˥] 薄切切
ɵt̚[viii] eot eut [tsɵt̚˥ tsi˥] 卒之
ɔt̚ ot [hɔt̚˧ si˨˧] 渴市
ut̚ ut [ŋan˨˧ fut̚˧ tʰɔw˨˧ tsak̚˧] 眼闊肚窄
yt̚ yut [wat̚˨ lyt̚˥ lyt̚˥] 滑捋捋
-k̚ ak̚ aak [mej˨˩ tʰɐw˨˩ ŋan˨˧ ŋak̚˨] 眉頭眼額
ɐk̚ ak [jɐt̚˥ jɐt̚˨ tɔw˧ hɐk̚˥] 一日到黑
ɛk̚ ek [mɔ˨˩ lan˨ tsɛk̚˨] 磨爛蓆
ɪk̚ ik [tɪk̚˥ hej˨˥ sɐm˥ kɔn˥] 的起心肝
œk̚ oek euk [tsɔw˨˥ tsɐw˨˥ tsɔw˨˥ tsœk̚˨] 早走早着
ɔk̚ ok [tɔw˨˥ tsʰin˨˥ lɔk̚˨ hɔj˨˥] 倒錢落海
ʊk̚ uk [pʊk̚˨ ji˥ jɐn˥] 伏伊人
Tones[ix]
IPA Numeric
contours 		Tonal
categories 		J Y Examples[ii]
˥ 55 陰平 ◌1 ū [tɪŋ˨˥ sɐm˥ tɪŋ˨˥ fɐj˧] 頂心頂肺
˨˥ 25 陰上 ◌2 ú [wɐj˥ sɵɥ˨˥ si˨˥] 威水史
˧ 33 陰去 ◌3 u [lʊŋ˥ lʊŋ˥ la˧ la˧] 窿窿罅罅
˨˩ 21 陽平 ◌4 ùh [jim˨˩ tsʰin˨˥ sɛŋ˥] 嫌錢腥
˨˧ 23 陽上 ◌5 úh [mɔw˨˧ ŋa˨˧ tse˥ tʰɐw˨˩] 冇瓦遮頭
˨ 22 陽去 ◌6 uh [wa˨ tʰɐw˨˩ sɪŋ˨˥ mej˨˧] 話頭醒尾

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d This list of consonant inventories and vowel inventories are based on 香港粵語大詞典 (2018).[1] The transcriptions of vowels, consonants and tones in IPA, Jyutping (J) and Yale romanization (Y) are based on Cantonese: A Comprehensive Grammar, 2nd ed. (2011)[2] and 香港粵語大詞典 (2018).
  2. ^ a b c d e Glosses are displayed over the dotted line. (Instructions: for desktop computers, hover your mouse cursor over it; for iOS mobile browsers, request desktop website on your toolbar and then click on the dotted line; for Android mobile browsers, it is unavailable). Vocabulary examples are drawn from 香港粵語大詞典 (2018).[3]
  3. ^ Omitted when it precedes the nucleus [y].
  4. ^ [s] appears as [ʃ] in other sources.[1][2]
  5. ^ [ts] appears as [tʃ] in other sources.[1][2]
  6. ^ [tsʰ] appears as [tʃʰ] in other sources.[1][2]
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i The gliding non-syllables may be less explicitly transcribed with syllables, such that the non-syllabic [j] represented as syllabic [i], [w] as [u], and [ɥ] as [y].
  8. ^ a b c [ɵ] appears as [ø] in other sources.[1][2]
  9. ^ The so-called 7th, 8th and 9th tones are not officially marked as such in Jyutping (J)[2] and Yale romanization (Y).[1] They are officially marked as the 1st, 3rd and 6th tones respectively.[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g 張勵妍; 倪列懷; 潘禮美 (2018). 香港粵語大詞典. Hong Kong: 天地圖書. p. 648-650.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Matthews, Stephen; Yip, Virginia (2011). Cantonese: A Comprehensive Grammar, 2nd edition. New York: Routledge. p. 461-463.
  3. ^ 張勵妍; 倪列懷; 潘禮美 (2018). 香港粵語大詞典. Hong Kong: 天地圖書. p. 41-622.

See also

[edit]
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