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September 2025 Philippine protests

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September 2025 Philippine protests
Part of Asian Spring
Clockwise from the top: The Trillion Peso March at EDSA Shrine, Baha sa Luneta demonstration, Protest in Naga, Camarines Sur, Ateneo de Manila University "Black Friday" walkout
DateSeptember 12, 2025 – present
(3 weeks and 2 days)[1]
Location
Philippines, with solidarity protests in Australia
Caused by
Goals
Methods
Status
  • Widespread student protests across several cities and provinces
  • Upcoming large-scale demonstrations planned
Concessions
Parties
Centrist and left-wing opposition
Government
Lead figures
Number
≥100,000 protestors[2][3]
Combined with the opposition
50,000 police[4]
Casualties
Death(s)2 people (1 protester[5] and 1 bystander)[6]
Injuries1 protester[5]
95 police personnel[7]
Arrested244 people[8]

On September 12, 2025, a series of widespread demonstrations began in the Philippines, with protests mainly planned at Rizal Park in Manila and at the People Power Monument and EDSA Shrine along EDSA in Quezon City, both within Metro Manila.[9] They involve several anti-corruption protests stemming from investigations into government corruption in flood control programs, involving both the executive and legislative branches of the Philippine government. The date (September 21) coincides with the 53rd anniversary of the imposition of martial law in the Philippines (martial law was declared via televised address two days later on September 23). Several cities and municipalities across different provinces are also expected to hold local demonstrations.

The protests in Rizal Park ("Baha sa Luneta") are organized by various sectorial groups, including activists and students, while the protest in the People Power Monument is known as the "Trillion Peso March" and was organized mainly by religious sectors, mainly the Catholic and the Protestants.[10][11] An isolated riot by masked demonstrators occurred along streets near Malacañang Palace in Manila, injuring several protesters, bystanders and policemen, and resulting in two casualties, one from a stabbing attack and another from a stray bullet.

Background

[edit]
Main article: Flood control projects controversy in the Philippines

Reports of anomalies in flood control projects, including incomplete or substandard work and alleged ghost projects, prompted widespread criticism of the government. Public discontent grew amid calls for transparency and accountability in infrastructure spending.[12]

Events

[edit]

September 9

[edit]

In light of the allegations that Senate President Francis Escudero's benefactors are involved in the anomalous flood control projects, he was replaced by Minority Leader and former Senate leader Tito Sotto, securing 14 out of 24 Senators support.[13]

September 12

[edit]

A "Black Friday" walkout was held by thousands of faculty, students and staff of the University of the Philippines, particularly in the University of the Philippines Diliman and in the University of the Philippines Manila. Over 3,000 from UP Diliman students, faculty, staff and community joined the protests, making it the largest mass gathering action since the COVID-19 pandemic in the university.[14][15]

September 13

[edit]

On September 13, several groups marched from the EDSA Shrine in Ortigas Center up to the People Power Monument on EDSA to protest the alleged corruption in nationwide flood control projects.[16]

September 17

[edit]

In light of the corruption in flood control projects involving the Philippine Congress, Martin Romualdez stepped down as House Speaker.[17] He was replaced by Bojie Dy of Isabela's 6th congressional district with 253 votes.[17] The Palace noted that Romualdez will not be spared by the investigation into allegations of massive corruption in the awarding of flood control projects.[17]

September 18

[edit]

Students from Bulacan State University staged a campus "walkout" on September 18 to protest alleged corruption in government projects.[18] The activity was joined by around 300 participants, including students, faculty members, youth organizations, and representatives from marginalized sections.[19]

September 20

[edit]

Local residents of Hagonoy, Bulacan, held a protest on 3.9-foot-high (1.2 m) high tide water that engulfed many areas in the town and in the towns plaza to protest the failed flood control projects in the town.[20]

September 21

[edit]
class=notpageimage|
Cities in the Philippines where protests occurred

A series of mass demonstrations around the country were held on Sunday, September 21. The date of the rally, September 21, coincides with the anniversary of the imposition of martial law by President Ferdinand Marcos in 1972, a symbolic choice for groups emphasizing democratic rights and government accountability.[21][22][23]

The largest protests were held in Metro Manila: the Baha sa Luneta in Rizal Park, and the Trillion Peso March in the EDSA Shrine. Organizers described the two rallies as complementary and encouraged participation in either or both protests.[24] Both events have avoided calling for the removal of President Bongbong Marcos and Vice President Sara Duterte, welcoming all groups opposed to corruption regardless of political affiliation.[25][26] Bagong Alyansang Makabayan chairperson Teodoro Casiño warned against "vested interests" calling for the removal of Marcos and Duterte, while Akbayan representative Perci Cendaña noted that Marcos' resignation may benefit Duterte.[27][28]

Several government officials have expressed support for the protests. President Marcos has addressed the public's concerns by expressing his support for the protests, stating that he understands their anger and would likely join them if he were not president.[11] DPWH Secretary Vince Dizon expressed his full support for rallies that condemn government corruption, responding to ongoing anti-corruption demonstrations.[29] Vice President Duterte, who flew to visit OFW communities in Japan, also voiced her support for the protests, calling on the government to listen.[30]

During the rallies, Duterte supporters clashed with other protesters.[31]

Luneta Park

[edit]
Main article: Baha sa Luneta
BAYAN and Makabayan leaders near Mendiola.

Rizal Park became one of the primary venues for the September 21 mass demonstrations. The activities around Luneta were collectively referred to as "Baha sa Luneta" (transl. "Flood in Luneta").[32]

Protesters gathered at the Luneta Park on Sunday in a program lead by the group Taumbayan Ayaw sa Magnanakaw at Abusado Network Alliance (transl. "People Against Thieves and Abusers Network Alliance"), or TAMA NA.[33] Students from the University of the Philippines Manila marched to the Luneta rally.[34][35][36]

About 49,000 people were in the park by 10 a.m., according to Manila Public Information Office.[37]

EDSA Shrine

[edit]
Main article: Trillion Peso March

Led by Tindig Pilipinas, Catholic Educational Association of the Philippines, Clergy for Good Governance, and other religious groups, protesters gathered at the EDSA Shrine to conduct the Trillion Peso March demonstration.[38][39]

Other cities around the country

[edit]

Planned demonstrations were reported at Plaza Independencia in Cebu City and a march from Jaro Plaza to the provincial capitol in Iloilo City. A rally was also scheduled at the public plaza in Bacolod.[40][41]

In Cebu City, dozens of protesters, primarily students and youth, gathered at Fuente Osmeña Circle at 8:30 a.m. PST before marching along Osmeña Boulevard. The rally lasted for about two hours.[42] A separate rally was held by pro-Duterte protesters at Plaza Independencia, calling for President Marcos' resignation.[43]

In Davao City, pro-Duterte groups roasted 100 cows as an "offering to the heavens" against corruption in a prayer rally organized by Vice President Duterte.[44] The sacrificial slaughtering was condemned by the Philippine Animal Welfare Society.[45]

Similar protests were also held in Legazpi,[46] Laoag, Tuguegarao, San Fernando, Olongapo, Baguio, Pangasinan, Dumaguete, Cagayan de Oro,[47] and Butuan.[48]

Riots along Mendiola Street and Recto Avenue

[edit]

While protests nationwide were relatively peaceful, rioting occurred along Mendiola Street and Recto Avenue in Manila.[49] Police reported that protesters in Mendiola threw improvised incendiary devices, including Molotov cocktails, which injured at least 39 officers.[50] Alongside these confrontations, media also reported scattered incidents of property damage such as burning tires and barricades during face-offs between security forces and demonstrators.[22] Rioters engaged in violent confrontations with police and ignited a trailer truck on Ayala Bridge in Manila.[51] A group of protesters in masks rioted along Recto Avenue by setting fires in the middle of the street, hurling stones, human waste, and objects at police officers, and attacking several nearby establishments including ransacking a Sogo Hotel branch.[52] Reports vary on testimonies regarding small explosions heard during confrontations between the authorities and rallyists in Mendiola, with some claiming to have heard at least one gunshot.[53][54] None of the initial police officers assigned to crowd control held firearms,[55] while a SWAT team later arrived carrying firearms and was seen using tear gas by eyewitnesses.[56][57]

Supporters of Rodrigo Duterte were reported to have attempted a march from their protest venue in Liwasang Bonifacio to Mendiola, intending to move their rally to nearby Malacañang Palace and call for President Marcos' resignation, but halted their march due to the rioters along Recto.[58][59][60]

Seventeen individuals were arrested for throwing rocks at riot police and igniting barricade tires, as reported by local authorities. Less than an hour later, police deployed a water cannon against another group of masked protesters. Some officers retaliated by throwing rocks back at the demonstrators. Manila Mayor Isko Moreno stated that police officers were injured during the confrontations and are currently receiving medical care.[22] Photojournalists who documented the event also reported beatings and harassment of rioters and bystanders committed by the police.[57]

Mark Chustin Serbo, a 15-year-old protester from Taguig who participated in the riots, was fatally stabbed by a 52-year-old watch technician after attempting to set fire to a police motorcycle near the latter's shop; he was reported to have been the lone casualty during the incident, having been declared dead on arrival upon being brought to the Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center (JRRMMC).[61][62][63] Serbo's parents had no prior knowledge of his participation in the Manila rally, only being told by Serbo that he was going out with friends for Sunday afternoon.[62] The technician later surrendered to Manila police and apologized, claiming to have panicked and blanked out in committing the attack amidst the violence.[61]

Eric Q. Saber, a 35-year-old construction worker from Paracale, Camarines Norte, was going home from work in Pasay when he was fatally shot during the riots.[6][63] According to Bulatlat and AlterMidya, he had been crossing Recto Avenue to ride a jeepney when SWAT officers fired shots in his direction, resulting in a stray bullet hitting his neck.[6][63] Saber was soon brought to the JRRMMC, but reportedly died from his gunshot wound two days later.[63]

According to the police, 224 individuals were arrested during a protest against corruption, which resulted in 131 police officers getting injured.[64] The Manila Police District (MPD) reported arrests at various locations: 51 at Ayala Bridge (38 adults, 13 minors), 21 at Mendiola (14 adults, 7 minors), and 41 at Recto (13 adults, 28 minors). Among the injured police, eight had lacerations, with nine hospitalized for observation and one possibly needing admission for a nasal fracture, according to police.[65][8] According to the National Union of People's Lawyers (NUPL), police tortured detainees at the police tent at Mendiola and at the MPD headquarters.[66]

Two masked rioters near Ayala bridge in Manila, September 21, 2025

Journalist Manuel Mogato remarked that the violence along the areas were an isolated incident among the nationwide demonstrations, noting that both protesters and police authorities were more restrained than during the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos in the 1970s and 1980s. University of the Philippines journalism professor Danilo Arao did not just consider the Sept. 21 rallies as culminating activities but also a time for all citizens, not just journalists, to carry out their patriotic duty to "fact check everything."[67]

The riots were estimated to have resulted in ₱10.4 million (US$211,167.51) in damage to both public infrastructure and private property.[68]

Overseas

[edit]

Smaller gatherings were also held in cities outside the Philippines in solidarity with the September 21 protests including in Sydney and Melbourne, Australia.[69]

September 22

[edit]

On September 22, it was reported that schools were closed and a curfew was declared for minors.[64] Samahan ng Progresibong Kabataan (SPARK) staged a protest at Camp Crame for the alleged police brutality following the arrest of the rioters on September 21.[70] On September 22, the Communist Party of the Philippines released a statement supporting the protests, and connected the political unrest to recent protests in Indonesia, Nepal, and Kenya.[71]

September 27

[edit]

The civil society group Tindig Paombong organized a protest in Paombong, Bulacan, to raise concerns over alleged corruption and the quality of flood control projects in the town, which residents claimed had contributed worsening flood in their communities. Issues related to Paombong's water supply largely provided by PrimeWater, a company that has faced criticism for service deficiencies, were also highlighted. The protest concluded in front of the municipal hall of Paombong where students, local leaders, and representatives of various organizations delivered speeches. The event was estimated have drawn around 500 participants from different parts of Bulacan.[72]

September 29

[edit]

Students from the University of Santo Tomas and Far Eastern University (FEU) staged walkouts in Manila. At FEU, the demonstration titled "Tamaraws, Unite! Walkout For Our Rights!" took place along Nicanor Reyes Street and was organized by student councils and youth groups. Participants raised their concerns over blended learning setup, rising tuition fees, and called for greater transparency in school policies. The protests also addressed broader issues including corruption, police brutality, and democratic rights in the Philippines.[73]

Kilusang Mayo Uno and other groups rallied outside the headquarters of the Philippine National Police in condemnation of police violence during the September 21 anti-corruption demonstrations in Manila.[74]

September 30

[edit]

On September 30, students from Bulacan State University held the protest "Kick Back Kontra Korap" (transl. Kick Back Anti-Corrupt). The march began at their main campus and passed by the Bulacan Capitol and Malolos City Hall but was cut short before reaching the office of First District Representative Danilo Domingo. The students called on Governor Daniel Fernando and Mayor Christian Natividad to support demands for justice for flood victims, pointing to alleged irregularities in flood control projects linked to DPWH. Nearly one thousand students joined the rally.[75]

References

[edit]
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[edit]
  •  Media related to September 2025 Philippine protests at Wikimedia Commons
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