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Sundanese calendar - Wikipedia Jump to content

Sundanese calendar

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article contains Sundanese script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Sundanese characters.

The Sundanese calendar (Sundanese: ᮊᮜ ᮄᮓᮨᮁ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ, romanized: Kala Ider Sunda) is a calendar system used by the traditional society of the Sundanese in western part of Java, Indonesia.[1] This calendar was first calculated on 23 December 78 AD.[2] The Sundanese calendar itself has almost the same number of months, weeks, and days as the Gregorian calendar, the difference is in the naming of the months, weeks, and days. The calendar system consists of three systems, namely based on calculations of the rotation of the moon (Kala Candra Caka Sunda), calculation system for the circulation of the sun (Kala Surya Saka Sunda), and Kala Cakra Caka Sunda.[3]

Months

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The first month or first month in the Sundanese calendar is Kartika and the twelfth month is called Asuji. The naming of the months and the number of days for each month is similar to that used in the Hijri calendar system. So this Sundanese calendar system is compatible with the Kala Candra Caka Sunda calendar system, which has a number of days per year of 354/355 days. For the Kala Surya Saka Sunda system, or the Sundanese calendar system which is based on the sun, it is similar to the Gregorian calendar, which has a number of days per year of 365/366 days.

No. Sundanese month Day length
1 Kartika (ᮊᮃᮁᮒᮤᮊᮃ) 30 (᮳᮰)
2 Margasira (ᮙᮃᮁᮌᮃᮞᮤᮛᮃ) 29 (᮲᮹)
3 Posya (ᮕᮧᮯᮃ) 30 (᮳᮰)
4 Maga (ᮙᮃᮌᮃ) 29 (᮲᮹)
5 Palguna (ᮕᮃᮜ᮪ᮌᮥᮔᮃ) 30 (᮳᮰)
6 Setra (ᮞᮨᮒᮁᮃ) 29 (᮲᮹)
7 Wesaka (ᮝᮨᮞᮃᮊᮃ) 30 (᮳᮰)
8 Yesta (ᮚᮨᮞ᮪ᮒᮃ) 29 (᮲᮹)
9 Asada (ᮃᮞᮃᮓᮃ) 30 (᮳᮰)
10 Srawana (ᮞᮁᮃᮝᮃᮔᮃ) 29 (᮲᮹)
11 Badra (ᮘᮃᮓᮁᮃ) 30 (᮳᮰)
12 Asuji (ᮃᮞᮥᮏᮤ) 29/30 (᮲᮹/᮳᮰)
Total 354/355

Days

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The names of days in the Sundanese calendar are:[4]

  1. Radite (ᮛᮃᮓᮤᮒᮦ) 'Sunday'
  2. Soma (ᮞᮧᮙᮃ) 'Monday'
  3. Anggara (ᮃᮀᮌᮃᮛᮃ) 'Tuesday'
  4. Buda (ᮘᮥᮓᮃ) 'Wednesday'
  5. Respati (ᮛᮨᮞ᮪ᮕᮃᮒᮤ) 'Thursday'
  6. Sukra (ᮞᮥᮊᮁᮃ) 'Friday'
  7. Tumpek (ᮒᮥᮙ᮪ᮕᮨᮊ᮪) 'Saturday'

In one month, the number of days in the Sundanese calendar is 29 days and 30 days, just like the Gregorian calendar.[5][4]

Years

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The names of the years (divided between Wastu 'even' and Wuntu 'odd') in the Sundanese calendar are:[1]

Name of years Day length
Sundanese Indonesian English
Kebo
(ᮊᮨᮘᮧ) 		Kerbau Buffalo 354 days (Wastu)
Monyét
(ᮙᮧᮑᮦᮒ᮪) 		Monyet Monkey 355 days (Wuntu)
Hurang Tembéy
(ᮠᮥᮛᮃᮀ ᮒᮨᮙ᮪ᮘᮦᮚ᮪) 		Udang Pertama First Shrimp 354 days (Wastu)
Kalabang
(ᮊᮃᮜᮃᮘᮃᮀ) 		Kelabang Centipede 354 days (Wastu)
Embé
(ᮈᮙ᮪ᮘᮦ) 		Kambing Goat 355 days (Wuntu)
Keuyeup
(ᮊᮩᮚᮩᮕ᮪) 		Kepiting Kepiting 354 days (Wastu)
Cacing
(ᮎᮃᮎᮤᮀ) 		Cacing Worm 354 days (Wastu)
Hurang Tutug
(ᮠᮥᮛᮃᮀ ᮒᮥᮒᮥᮌ᮪) 		Udang Kedua Second Shrimp 355 days (Wuntu)
354 days (Wastu); at the end of the year stump (Tunggul Taun)
Total 2,835 days

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Pangerang, Andi (27 July 2020). "Mengenal Kalender Sunda". lapan.go.id (in Indonesian). Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional. Archived from the original on 2021-07-09. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
  2. ^ Firdaus, Janatun (2013). Analisis Penanggalan Sunda dalam Tinjauan Astronomi (PDF) (Thesis) (in Indonesian). Semarang: Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo.
  3. ^ AFIFAH NURHAMIMAH, SYIFA (2017). STUDI ANALISIS PEMIKIRAN ALI SASTRAMIDJAJA TENTANG SISTEM CAKA DALAM PENANGGALAN SUNDA (PDF) (Thesis) (in Indonesian). Semarang: Program Studi Ilmu Falak Fakultas Syari’ah dan Hukum, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo.
  4. ^ a b "Ini Nama-Nama Bulan dan Hari Dalam Kalender Sunda". bogor-kita.com (in Indonesian). Bogor Kita. 30 August 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
  5. ^ Kalender Sunda Diakui Oleh Kerajaan Kelantan Malaysia Archived 2011-11-03 at the Wayback Machine. Kompas.com (in Indonesian). 3 November 2011. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
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