Toninia
| Toninia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Toninia tristis | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecanorales |
| Family: | Ramalinaceae |
| Genus: | Toninia A.Massal. (1852) |
| Type species | |
| Toninia cinereovirens (Schaer.) A.Massal. (1852)
| |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
|
List
| |
Toninia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ramalinaceae.[2]
Taxonomy
[edit]The genus was circumscribed by the Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1852, with Toninia cinereovirens assigned as the type species. In his original Latin description, Massalongo established the new genus to accommodate lichens with distinctive characteristics that set them apart from related groups. He described Toninia as having solid, flattened fruiting bodies with a distinctive rim around the edge, and a disc that opens from an initially narrow opening to become wider and more exposed. The thallus (lichen body) was noted to be crusty and scaly, often growing in overlapping patches or forming distinct lobes. Massalongo distinguished his new genus from similar groups like Lecidea and Baeomyces, noting that while Toninia species might resemble some members of these genera, they have unique structural features that warranted separate classification.[3] The genus name honours Carlo Tonini (1920–1982), whom Massalongo described as a celebrated chemist and distinguished cultivator of lichenology.[4]
Species
[edit]- Toninia afferens (Nyl.) Kotlov (2004)[5]
- Toninia alutacea (Anzi) Jatta (1911)[6]
- Toninia arenaria Räsänen (1944)[7]
- Toninia australiensis (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (1926)
- Toninia canadensis (Timdal) Timdal (2024)[8]
- Toninia cinereovirens (Schaer.) A.Massal. (1852)
- Toninia coahuilae (Timdal) Timdal (2024)[8]
- Toninia conjungens Th.Fr. (1867)[9]
- Toninia coquimbensis (Zahlbr.) Kotlov (2004)[5]
- Toninia corallina Timdal (1991)[10]
- Toninia cretzoiui B.de Lesd. (1937)
- Toninia diffracta (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. (1901)[11]
- Toninia efferens (Nyl.) Kotlov (2004)
- Toninia flavida Tomin (1950)
- Toninia fujikawae (M.Satô) Timdal (2024)
- Toninia gigantea (Timdal) Timdal (2024)
- Toninia groenlandica Lynge (1937)
- Toninia guaranitica Malme (1937)
- Toninia hercegovinica Zahlbr. (1908)
- Toninia heterochroma I.M.Lamb (1939)
- Toninia himalayana Timdal (1991)
- Toninia isidiata Malme (1937)
- Toninia janeirensis Riddle (1912)
- Toninia johnstonii C.W.Dodge (1948)
- Toninia kerguelensis C.W.Dodge (1948)
- Toninia leucina (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (1926)
- Toninia lobothalliae Y.Joshi (2022)
- Toninia loitlesbergeri Zahlbr. (1904)
- Toninia melanocarpizans Zahlbr. (1918)
- Toninia meridionalis B.de Lesd. (1923)
- Toninia mesoidea (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (1926)
- Toninia mexicana B.de Lesd. (1909)
- Toninia muricola B.de Lesd. (1948)
- Toninia nashii Timdal (2002)
- Toninia ochracea Werner (1937)
- Toninia olivaceoatra H.Magn. (1944)
- Toninia pakistanica M.S.Iqbal & Khalid (2023)
- Toninia plumbina (Anzi) Hafellner & Timdal (1991)[10]
- Toninia poeltiana S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur (2016)
- Toninia poeltii Timdal (1991)
- Toninia populorum (A.Massal.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S.Ekman (2018)
- Toninia potieri Maheu & Werner (1934)
- Toninia pseudotabacina (Timdal) Timdal (2024)
- Toninia pulvinata (Mudd) H.Olivier (1911)
- Toninia sbarbaronis B.de Lesd. (1935)
- Toninia schafeevii Tomin (1950)
- Toninia scholanderi (Lynge) Timdal (2024)
- Toninia scorigena (Müll.Arg.) Lumbsch & Messuti (1999)
- Toninia squalescens (Nyl.) Th.Fr. (1874)
- Toninia squalida (Ach.) A.Massal. (1852)
- Toninia subcandida B.de Lesd. (1906)
- Toninia subdispersa (Nyl.) K.Knudsen (2007)
- Toninia subfuscae (Arnold ex Zwackh) Timdal (1991)[10]
- Toninia submesoidea van den Boom (2017)
- Toninia subnitida (Hellb.) Hafellner & Türk (2001)
- Toninia subpersonata Malme (1937)
- Toninia subtalparum van den Boom (2004)
- Toninia talparum Timdal (1991)
- Toninia tecta C.A.Morse & Ladd (2018)
- Toninia thalloedaemiformis (Szatala) Timdal (2024)
- Toninia thiopsora (Nyl.) H.Olivier (1911)
- Toninia tristis (Th.Fr.) Th.Fr. (1874)
- Toninia ualae Etayo (2008)
- Toninia verrucariae (Nyl.) Timdal (1992)
- Toninia violacea B.de Lesd. (1910)
- Toninia wetmorei Timdal (2002)
References
[edit]- ^ "Synonymy: Toninia A. Massal., Ric. auton. lich. crost. (Verona): 107 (1852)". Species Fungorum. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
- ^ Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. hdl:10481/76378.
- ^ Massalongo, A.B. (1852). Ricerche sull'autonomia dei licheni crostosi. p. 107.
- ^ Hertel, Hannes (2012). Gattungseponyme bei Flechten und Lichenicolen Pilzen. Bibliotheca Lichenologica (in German). Vol. 107. Stuttgart: J. Cramer. p. 110. ISBN 978-3-443-58086-5.
- ^ a b Kotlov, Y.V. (2004). "Preliminary checklist of lichen family Catillariaceae". Novosti Sistematiki Nizshikh Rastenii. 37: 234–252.
- ^ Jatta, A. (1911). Lichenes. Flora Italica Cryptogama Fungi. Vol. 3. pp. 461–958 [655].
- ^ Räsänen, V. (1944). "Lichenes novi I". Annales Botanici Societatis Zoologicae-Botanicae Fennicae "Vanamo". 20 (3): 1–34 [21].
- ^ a b Timdal, E.; Rui, S. (2024). "Contributions to the lichen flora of the province of Alberta, Canada, with the description of two new species and revised status for the subspecies of Toninia tristis". Opuscula Philolichenum. 23: 33–81 [69].
- ^ Fries, T.M. (1867). "Lichenes Spitsbergenses". Kongliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlinger. 2 (in Latin). 7 (2): 3–53 [34].
- ^ a b c Timdal, E. (1991). "A monograph of the genus Toninia (Lecideaceae, Ascomycetes)". Opera Botanica. 110: 1–137.
- ^ Zahlbruckner, A. (1901). "Vorarbeiten zu einer Flechtenflora Dalmatiens". Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift (in German). 51: 273–285.
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