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/* Poison */ could keep title but shared motive makes a better section theme/* Poison */ could keep title but shared motive makes a better section theme
Protests about genocide and related war crimes
[edit]
Suicide protests about genocide and related war crimes have been carried out by all sides: the targets of genocide, other opponents of genocide and war crimes,[example needed] and (in at least one case) by a Croatian accused of war crimes in the Bosnian War (below).
The Holocaust in Germany and occupied Europe
[edit]The Holocaust in Germany and occupied Europe targeted local ethnic and religious minorities that were perceived as non-European. Particularly Ashkenazi, Roma, and Sinti. The genocide against later groups is sometimes considered a separate Romani Holocaust.
On 19 April 1943, high-ranking officials of the Allied governments of the UK and the US met in Bermuda, ostensibly to discuss the situation of the Jews in Nazi-occupied Europe. By coincidence, that same day the Nazis attempted to liquidate the remaining Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto and met with unexpected resistance. By the beginning of May, the futility of the Bermuda Conference had become apparent.[1]
Days later, Szmul Zygielbojm (Yiddish: שמואל זיגלבוים)[a] – a Polish socialist politician, Bund trade-union activist, and member of the National Council of the Polish government-in-exile – received word of the suppression of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and of the ghetto's final liquidation. He learned that his wife Manya and 16-year-old son Tuvia had been killed there.[2] At his home in Paddington, West London,[3] on 11 May 1943 Zygielbojm committed suicide with an overdose of sodium amytal, as a protest against the indifference and inaction of the Allied governments in the face of The Holocaust.[2] He died at St Mary's Hospital, London, on 12 May 1943.[3]
In a long suicide note addressed to Polish president Władysław Raczkiewicz and prime minister Władysław Sikorski, Zygielbojm said that while the Nazis were responsible for the murder of the Polish Jews, "the whole of humanity" was also indirectly culpable. He accused the Western Allies of "looking on passively upon this murder of defenseless millions of tortured children, women and men," and the Polish government of not doing enough (see image).
I cannot continue to live and to be silent while the remnants of Polish Jewry, whose representative I am, are being murdered. My comrades in the Warsaw ghetto fell with arms in their hands in the last heroic battle. I was not permitted to fall like them, together with them, but I belong with them, to their mass grave. By my death, I wish to give expression to my most profound protest against the inaction in which the world watches and permits the destruction of the Jewish people.[4]
Zygielbojm wished his letter to be widely publicized and hoped that "the Polish Government [would] embark immediately on diplomatic action... in order to save the living remnant of the Polish Jews from destruction".[4]
Bosnian genocide
[edit]
The Bosnian genocide a genocide against Bosnian (mostly Bosniak) Muslims in Europe, 40 years after the genocide against Ashkibazi, Roma, and Sinti. Slobodan Praljak (Croatian pronunciation: [slobǒdan prǎːʎak]; 2 January 1945 – 29 November 2017) was a Bosnian Croat general found guilty by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) of committing violations of the laws of war, crimes against humanity, and breaches of the Geneva Conventions during the 1992–1994 Croat–Bosniak War.[5] Praljak voluntarily joined the newly formed Croatian Armed Forces after the outbreak of the Croatian War of Independence in 1991. Before and after the war he was an engineer, a television and theatre director, and a businessman.[6][7] Praljak was indicted by, and voluntarily surrendered to, the ICTY in 2004.[8] In 2013, he was convicted for war crimes against the Bosniak population during the Croat–Bosniak War alongside five other Bosnian Croat officials,[9][10] and was sentenced to 20 years in jail (minus the time he had already spent in detention).[11] Upon hearing the guilty verdict upheld in November 2017, Praljak stated that he rejected the verdict of the court, and fatally poisoned himself in the courtroom.[12][13]
Genocide bombing
[edit]"Genocide bombing" was an alternate term for Palestinian suicide attacks that was coined in 2002 by Irwin Cotler, a member of the Canadian parliament, in an effort to focus attention on the alleged intention of Genocide by militant Palestinians.[14][15]
- ^ "To 5,000,000 Jews in the Nazi Death-Trap, Bermuda was a Cruel Mockery". The New York Times. 4 May 1943. p. 17.
- ^ a b Glavin, Terry (12 May 2018). "Canada was warned of the coming Holocaust. We turned away 900 Jewish refugees, anyway", Maclean's. Retrieved 14 October 2019.
- ^ a b ""ZYGIELBOJM Szmul Mordko of 12 Porchester-square Paddington… died 12 May 1943"", Wills and Administrations 1943 (England and Wales), p. 688, 1944
- ^ a b "The Last Letter From Szmul Zygielbojm, The Bund Representative With The Polish National Council In Exile]". 11 May 1943. Archived from the original on 2012-12-19.
- ^ "Trial Judgement Summary for Prlić et al" (PDF). International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 29 November 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
- ^ Radoš, Ivica (29 November 2017). "Tko je bio Slobodan Praljak? Slao je oružje Bošnjacima u opkoljeno Sarajevo" [Who was Slobodan Praljak? He sent weapons to Bosnians in the besieged Sarajevo]. Večernji list (in Croatian). Retrieved 29 November 2017.
- ^ Andrey Shary (30 November 2017). "The Poisoned General". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
- ^ "Slobodan Praljak". Trial International. 6 May 2016. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
- ^ "Prlic et al. Initial Indictment". International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 2 March 2004.
- ^ "'I am not a war criminal,' convicted Bosnian Croat cries as he takes a fatal dose of poison". Los Angeles Times. 29 November 2017. Archived from the original on 16 September 2019. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
Ironically, Praljak, who surrendered to the tribunal in April 2004 and had already been jailed for 13 years, could have soon walked free because those who are convicted are generally released after serving two-thirds of their sentences.
- ^ Corder, Mike (29 May 2013). "UN war crimes tribunal convicts 6 Bosnian Croats of persecution of Muslims during Bosnian war". News1130.
- ^ "Statement on passing of Slobodan Praljak". International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 29 November 2017. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
- ^ "Preliminary results autopsy Slobodan Praljak". Public Prosecution Service (Netherlands). Archived from the original on 3 December 2017. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
- ^ "Kesher Talk". 2002-06-24. Archived from the original on 2009-06-28. Retrieved 2006-05-13.
- ^ "Targets". Washington Times. April 23, 2004. Retrieved May 13, 2006.
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