Early Modern History

Školství (Simona Pacandová) 213 PAMÁTKOVÝ FUNDUS 217 Rabštejn pohledem archeologa (Daniel Stráník) 217 Rabštejnské hrady a zámek (Petr Kolář) 241 Servitský klášter (Klára Vaňáková) 252 Kostel Panny Marie Sedmibolestné (Klára Vaňáková) 260 Urbanismus, historická zástavba a opevnění (Michal Patrný) 278 Drobné památky (Irena Bukačová) 284 Shrnutí 297 Poznámky 300 Seznam pramenů a literatury 370 Seznam použitých zkratek 389 Seznam vyobrazení xxx Jmenný a místní rejstřík xxx Summary xxx Publikace vyšla díky finanční podpoře paní Ing. Miroslavy Derkové (Plzeň) a společnosti Glocal Consulting, s. r. o. (Praha). Publikace je vydána v rámci dotace Institucionální podpory ROV, jejíž příjemcem je FF UHK. Strana 2: Rabštejn nad Střelou, pohled na město před rokem 1850.

This chapter furnishes the reader with a vademecum to the volume. It places uncertainty in the limelight as a key element for understanding confessional cultures and belief systems, and shows how early modern Catholicism struggled to find practical strategies for marrying deepseated uncertainties with its aim of operationalizing an absolute and revealed truth. Inspired by Michel de Certeau and Bruno Latour, among others, this introduction argues that a methodological transfer between science studies, history of knowledge, and religious history offers a toolkit to reconstruct the credibility of past beliefs. It introduces the volume’s focus on the myriad of connected laboratories and work floors of early modern Catholicism, and on the untainted emergence of a universal truth from such a multifarious activity. This praxeological approach is illustrated in the subsequent survey of this volume’s sections and chapters.

This article studies the overlapping claims for jurisdiction and taxation in the rural borderland between Venetian Split, Hungarian Klis, and Ottoman territories in central Dalmatia, as well as the military threats the rural population was exposed to. Taking a microhistorical look at a wide array of archival sources, it addresses Ottoman tax demands from Venetian subjects, conflicts over the competent jurisdiction, cross-border ownership of land or mills, violent confrontations and shifting allegiances in a territory with shifting borders.

The Balkan Peninsula is an ancient historical region. As a consequence of its geopolitical position, the Balkan Peninsula, through the ages, displayed a distinct historical and cultural homogeneity. A history of the Balkans in general is an inseparable part of Muslim history. The common history of the Muslim Balkans, mainly with reference to the Osrnanli period, is documented and preserved in millions of written records presently kept in the Osmanli archives in Turkey, and in various Balkan countries and elsewhere.

This article will discuss the gradual departure of the monti di pietà, or charitable pawnshops, from the religious framework within which they were developed by the Franciscan Order in the 15th century. More specifically, it will evaluate the role of Leo X’s decree known as Inter Multiplices (1515), which cleared the interest that the monti charged on their loans from suspicions of usury, in the development of a more pragmatic, flexible approach to the monti di pietà. To do so, this paper will analyze the theological debates that influenced Inter Multiplices, its effects, and the rapid spread of the monti throughout Europe and the Mediterranean after the decree was issued. Most importantly, this contribution will use the case study of the monte de piedad of Malaga, which had not received prior scholarly attention, to illustrate the changes prompted by Inter Multiplices and to engage with the historiography on the secularization of financial institutions in the early modern era.

O bserwowany w ostatnich dziesięcioleciach postęp w naukach matematyczno-przyrod-niczych sprawia, że stają się one potrzebne także historykom. Coraz trudniej bowiem ograniczać się w badaniach historycznych do studiowania dokumentów i tekstów narracyjnych, gdy wiele zagadnień, determinujących warunki życia człowieka, staje się przedmiotem dociekań nie tylko archeologów, ale nawet geografów, biologów czy klimatologów. Są oni w stanie wyświetlić okoliczności towarzyszące powstaniu czy upadkowi państw i cywilizacji, jakich nie udałoby się wyczytać z pozostawionej dokumentacji. Interdyscyplinarność wdziera się zatem przebojem do badań humanistycznych. Dobrym przykładem omawianego zjawiska jest wydana niedawno książka amerykańskiego antropologa i politologa z Uniwersytetu w Yale, Jamesa C. Scotta. W 2017 r. opublikował on książkę Against the Grain. A Deep History of the Earliest States, przełożoną i wydaną staraniem Wydawnictwa Naukowego PWN pod nieco zmienionym i bardziej chwytliwym tytułem Jak udomowiono człowieka 1. Jest ona z pewnością warta uwagi tym bardziej, iż proponowane przez autora rozwiązania mogą-jak to postaram się wykazać-przydać się także historykom późniejszych epok. Pokrótce zatem przedstawiwszy najważniejsze tezy autora, przejdę do analizy ich możliwych zastosowań. Książka Scotta jest owocem jego własnych przemyśleń oraz szczegółowych studiów historycznych i archeologicznych innych autorów, specjalizujących się w najdawniejszych dziejach Mezopotamii (Sumeru). W tekście odnajdujemy liczne odwołania do literatury przedmiotu, jak też solidny zestaw bibliografii, świadczący o dużej erudycji autora. Nie jest też moim zadaniem odnosić się szczegółowo do omawianych tam przykładów historycznych-jakkolwiek pewne wątpliwości budzi we mnie odniesienie biblijnego Armageddonu do egipsko-hetyckiej bitwy pod Kadesz, stoczonej w XIII w. p.n.e. przez faraona Ramzesa II (s. 234-235); sądzę raczej, że trzeba to przypisać wcześniejszej kampanii Totmesa III pod Megiddo, której omówienie dostępne jest czytelnikowi polskiemu tak w formie monografii naukowej, jak i popularnej 2. Jak wspomniałem wyżej, książka warta jest uwagi z całkiem innego powodu-jako propozycja zastosowania nowej metodologii badań dziejów państw i cywilizacji. Autor znany jest już ze swojej książki poświęconej metodom, do jakich społeczeństwa Azji południowo-wschodniej uciekały się, aby uniknąć wchłonięcia przez scentralizowane 1

The evangelization of the ancient Kôngo kingdom led to a civil war that, from 1543 up to 1704, and disrupted this kingdom. Ñsîmba Vita -wellknown as Kimpa Vita -appears and leads the kimpasi with the purpose of restoring order. She did it, but for few times. She was arrested, judged and burned alive. The present work briefly addresses this period and re-emphasizes the importance of religion as resistance ways from the oppression. Also, it explain to u show the legacy of this ethical prophetess provided Proto-nationalism in Central West Africa: Kimbanguism and Tokoism.

This article examines the background to the galley trial of 1674 with a particular focus on the anti-Protestant chamber and church proposal package, which was drawn up in Kassa in February 1673, and its reception in Vienna. Using new sources, the author reconstructs the political and religious preparations for the trial and shows that the plan to expel the preachers was not a purely ecclesiastical initiative, but found broad support in the city, among the monks and in the chambers. After an initially moderate reaction from the Viennese court, the action against the Protestants at the end of 1673 was closely linked to the political control of the anti-Habsburg uprising.
The immediate background of the trial culminated in the Vienna Conference
at the end of 1673, which paved the way for the extraordinary trial in Bratislava, and in the negotiations of 1673 in Kassa, which are well known through the research of László Benczédi. The analysis of the state sources shows how religious intolerance and political centralisation were interwoven in the proceedings against the Protestant congregations and their pastors.

The volume takes readers back to the period of the Great Turkish War (1683–1699), during which the Holy League—an alliance of European powers—liberated large parts of the Kingdom of Hungary from Ottoman occupation. The pontificate of Pope Innocent XI (1676–1689), founder of the Holy League, has been at the center of scholarly attention since the late nineteenth century, and even his successor, Alexander VIII (1689–1691), received thorough examination in early twentieth-century studies. By contrast, the pontificate of Innocent XII (1691–1700), who ruled during the decade that brought the war to an end, has remained largely unexplored, and its Hungarian dimensions were virtually unknown until now.

One reason for this neglect lies in the parallel transformation of European power politics: the protracted military conflict coincided with the renewal of Habsburg–Bourbon rivalry after 1688, which profoundly altered the relationship between the Apostolic See and the Habsburg court in Vienna. This new volume explores that shifting balance of power and its repercussions in Hungary, combining approaches from diplomatic and ecclesiastical history. Based on nearly fifteen years of research and archival investigation conducted in more than two dozen European collections, it offers a multifaceted interpretation of the complex relations between Vienna and Rome.

Između demografskog i društveno-gospodarskog razvoja postoji izražena uzročno-posljedična povezanost i prožetost. Trendovi u kretanju broja stanovnika, prirodnoj dinamici, migracijama i demografskim strukturama iznimno su pouzdan pokazatelj, ali i funkcija dosegnute razine društvenog i ekonomskog napretka na nekom prostoru. Drugim riječima, dinamične i strukturne promjene koje se događaju u demografskoj slici odražavaju se na intenzitet i smjer ukupnoga razvoja i, dakako, vice versa. Stanovništvo grada Koprivnice u posljednjih pola stoljeća razvijalo se pod pretežitim utjecajem modernizacijskih procesa u društvenom i gospodarskom razvoju, napose procesa industrijalizacije, deagrarizacije, deruralizacije i urbanizacije. Navedeni procesi su determinirali najvažnije sastavnice u kretanju i razvoju stanovništva ovoga prostora. Svrha je ovoga priloga ustanoviti veličinu i strukturu demografske bilance u gradu Koprivnici tijekom druge polovice 20. stoljeća. Analiza međuodnosa prirodnog, p...

Između demografskog i društveno-gospodarskog razvoja postoji izražena uzročnoposljedična povezanost i prožetost. Trendovi u kretanju broja stanovnika, prirodnoj dinamici, migracijama i demografskim strukturama iznimno su pouzdan pokazatelj, ali i funkcija dosegnute razine društvenog i ekonomskog napretka na nekom prostoru. Drugim riječima, dinamične i strukturne promjene koje se događaju u demografskoj slici odražavaju se na intenzitet i smjer ukupnoga razvoja i, dakako, vice versa. Stanovništvo grada Koprivnice u posljednjih pola stoljeća razvijalo se pod pretežitim utjecajem modernizacijskih procesa u društvenom i gospodarskom razvoju, napose procesa industrijalizacije, deagrarizacije, deruralizacije i urbanizacije. Navedeni procesi su determinirali najvažnije sastavnice u kretanju i razvoju stanovništva ovoga prostora. Svrha je ovoga priloga ustanoviti veličinu i strukturu demografske bilance u gradu Koprivnici tijekom druge polovice 20. stoljeća. Analiza međuodnosa prirodnog, prostornog i popisnog kretanja stanovništva pokazat će koncentracijski karakter demografskih promjena tijekom promatranog razdoblja.

During the monsoon of the year 2016 the Indian Heritage Cities Network Foundation based in Bengaluru asked Kimaya to provide help in preparing Heritage Management and Development Plans for ten Heritage villages across the length of the Karnataka State. In many ways the project involved intense interaction with the people of the villages, the Government officers and of course knowing the heritage of these villages in the broadest sense of the word. Most of all it was a grand exposure to the complex and rich heritage of Karnataka. This presentation was one of the shorter version of the extensive data collected and conclusions drawn. Though the project did not see the light of implementation it has been an eye opener about the possibilities of Heritage Management and certainly a worthwhile exercise for our practice.

The French Revolution was a frontal attack on the nobility. Nobles lost their privileges, sometimes their possessions or even their lives. Yet some of them chose to join the revolution. This was also the case in neighboring countries, where revolutionary processes also radically changed social relations, for example in the Dutch Republic. A noble institution in that country, the Teutonic Order Bailiwick of Utrecht, forms a microcosm of European developments. Some of its members actively opposed the revolution, while others participated in it, and there was also a process of adaptation, especially when Napoleon's rule seemed to be definitively established and the Dutch provinces became part of the French Empire. After Napoleon's fall, the Teutonic knights joined in the reconciliation policy of King William I, who had restored their institution, which had been abolished by Napoleon.

RESUMO: Neste artigo, procurou-se demonstrar a partir de uma determinada percepção de Estado como a organização do Brasil colônia obedecia a lógicas corporativas e como o resultado dos embargos formulados por Duarte Coelho são compreensíveis à luz dessas lógicas. Levaram-se em consideração, no plano metodológico, implicações decorrentes da compreensão linguística da história e de sua expressão no direito e na política. Sustentouse que essa percepção é mais apta a possibilitar uma apreensão das dinâmicas políticas em seu nível mais profundo, no nível da própria arquitetura do político. Procurou-se, ademais, demonstrar a existência de códigos sistêmicos que orientavam as lógicas tanto do direito quanto da política, muitas vezes em conexão, mas sem ignorar as lógicas próprias de cada sistema. Em outras palavras, não se trata de elevar o direito à condição de motor da civilização, nem de reduzi-lo a um epifenômeno da política.

En el presente artículo se analiza la última relección teológica de Francisco de Vitoria dedicada al problema de la magia. Vitoria se pregunta por la licitud del uso del arte mágico, diferenciando entre magia natural, que se basa en causas naturales (desconocidas para la mayor parte de la gente) y magia preternatural, que implica la intervención de agentes espirituales. Vitoria acepta la existencia de ambos tipos, pero considera que la magia preternatural es moralmente ilícita, ya que busca manipular o controlar lo que está más allá de la capacidad natural humana, atentando contra la virtud de la religión. El estudio se centra en la relación entre causalidad, religión y moralidad en el contexto de la magia.

El 12 de mayo de 1975, el mercante Mayaguez, de 10.400 toneladas de desplazamiento y bandera estadounidense, navegaba a menos de siete millas náuticas de las islas Poulo Wai, dentro del trayecto que lo llevaba de Hong-Kong al puerto tailandés de Sattahip 3 , con una breve escala intermedia en Singapur 4 , cuando la nave fue abordada por un destacamento de siete jemeres rojos camboyanos, armados con AK-47 y RPG 5 , alegando que tanto el Mayaguez había entrado ilegalmente en aguas camboynas.

This paper contributes to the interpretation of “Kesergő Nympha” (“The Lamenting Nymph”), an allegorical poem of István Gyöngyösi (1629[?]–1704), which was presented as a gift at the national assembly of 1681 to the newly elected palatine, Pál Esterházy. The work was only printed in 1695. I argue that the manuscript variant of the text from 1681 – which survives in the Esterházy archives – should be considered as the basis of textual analysis. According to our current knowledge, this variant reflects best the intention of the author, unlike the print of 1695, which has an unclear connection to István Gyöngyösi.
Furthermore, I claim that the rhetorical-poetical strategies of Gyöngyösi’s poem stem originate from the education in rhetoric they recieved at the Jesuit gymnasium of Nagyszombat (Trnava/Tyrnavia), where both Gyöngyösi and Esterházy studied simultaneously in the mid-17th century. This way, “Kesergő Nympha” pays homage to the palatine through a common linguistic code which goes back to a recollection of the common studies of the poet and the palatine. Therefore, after identifying the rhetoric schoolbook used by Gyöngyösi and Esterházy in the Jesuit gymnasium, I have compared the structure and allegorizing tendencies of Gyöngyösi’s poem to a Jesuit school drama written by Gabriel Dietenshamer on the story of the biblical Judith. This drama was performed in 1649, starring Pál Esterházy as Judith. I analyze the rhetoric composition – and particularly the methods of amplification – of “Kesergő Nympha” in the light of a Jesuit school poetry volume titled Tributum eloquentiae (1650) to which Pál Esterházy also contributed.

Las letras y las horcas propone una mirada renovadora sobre la persecución judicial de la brujería en los reinos hispanos entre los siglos XV y XVII, interpelando al lector respecto de los vínculos entre discurso y violencia en los orígenes de la Modernidad. El libro muestra cómo el saber erudito y la cultura folklórica, los complejos entramados jurisdiccionales del feudalismo tardío y los miedos colectivos, ante coyunturas sociales críticas y cambiantes, dieron lugar a la cruel represión de un crimen imaginario.
A través del análisis minucioso de los debates y tensiones que acompañaron el fenómeno en territorio ibérico ‒desde la conformación misma del tipo legal de la bruja en el Quattrocento hasta las grandes cazas de los reinos de Navarra y Aragón, en el temprano siglo XVII‒, el libro analiza la dinámica de la represión en clave regional y comparativa, sin dejar de situar el espacio hispano en diálogo con la experiencia europea.
Además, ofrece un valioso corpus documental que ‒gracias al trabajo de transcripción, edición crítica, traducción y análisis riguroso‒ acerca al lector diversas voces del pasado. Algunas de ellas pretendieron legitimar la violencia inaudita de la caza de brujas; otras buscaron frenarla.
El resultado es un relato sólido y sugestivo que demuestra que la demonología ‒lejos de ser una curiosidad marginal‒ constituye una clave indispensable para descifrar la cultura política y religiosa de la temprana Modernidad occidental: era un punto de condensación de los conflictos más relevantes de la época.

Entre las fuentes que presenta el libro, se encuentran dos fundamentales: una traducción precisa y cuidada del 'Liber quintus' del Fortalitium fidei de Alondo de Espina, titulado “De bello demonum”, y la edición crítica con traducción de la glosa latina de 'El Memorial' de Pere Gil.

La versión digital puede descargarse sin cargo  en la sección de LIBROS de la página web de la SAEMED: https://saemed.org/libro/las-letras-y-las-horcas/

Die Schwelle zwischen dem 15. und 16. Jahrhundert stellt eine historische Periode dar, in der sich die geopolitische Landschaft und das innere Blickfeld sowohl für Christen als auch für Juden radikal änderten. Die veränderten Gegebenheiten lösten andere Erwartungen und das Bedürfnis nach neuen historischen Interpretationen aus. In diesem Kontext kann Ferrara, wie auch andere italienische Städte, als ein paradigmatisches Beispiel angesehen werden, als ein begrenzter Raum, in dem das spirituelle und kulturelle Wiederaufleben innerhalb der jüdischen Gesellschaft Gestalt annehmen konnte. Die Durchlässigkeit zwischen der künstlerischen und kulturellen christlichen Welt und jüdisch-intellektuellen Erzeugnissen bedingte ein gedeihendes Umfeld, das zudem durch die Einführung einer jüdischen Typographie und durch wachsende Ansprüche der Juden im Herzogtum der Este bestärkt wurde. Die indirekten Einflüsse auf dieses intellektuelle Wiederaufleben wirkten sich nach der Verlegung der Hauptstadt von Ferrara nach Modena tiefgreifend auf einer sozialen Ebene aus. Sie erlauben uns, das Fortdauern wichtiger Kommunikationsmuster zwischen Christen und Juden im Alltag zu erfassen. Das Einsetzen der Inquisition bietet uns mittels juristischer Archive die wichtigsten Instrumente, um soziale Dynamiken zu verstehen. Diese erlauben uns, neue denkbare Interpretationen als Schlüssel für die Gegebenheiten im Ghetto und für die Gründe seiner Errichtung in Betracht zu ziehen. Die städtische Trennungslinie ist nichts anderes als ein weiterer Versuch, die unsichtbaren Räume der Gedankenwelten voneinander abzugrenzen. Die nachhaltige Wirksamkeit der räumlichen Trennung weist einige Schwachpunkte auf, die während der gesamten Existenzphase des Ghettos von 1638 bis 1789 bestehen blieben.

L’iniziativa, promossa in collaborazione con la Provincia di Benevento, l’Istituto per la storia del Risorgimento italiano – Delegazione Sannio, l’Università degli Studi del Sannio e l’Ufficio scolastico provinciale di Benevento, rientra nel programma delle celebrazioni per i 90 anni dell’Istituto per la storia del Risorgimento italiano.
La mostra propone un percorso espositivo dedicato all’iconografia femminile quale rappresentazione dell’identità nazionale, offrendo una riflessione storica e culturale di ampio respiro.

This study examines scholars from Spain and Portugal who studied or taught at universities in the Holy Roman Empire between 1250 and 1550. Drawing on data from the Repertorium Academicum Germanicum (RAG), it explores academic mobility, knowledge transfer, and cultural exchange across Europe. Combining prosopographical analysis and digital visualization, the article traces biographical patterns, institutional networks, and spheres of scholarly activity. Case studies such as Juan Luis Vives and Pedro Ruiz illustrate how Iberian scholars shaped legal, theological, and humanist traditions in Central Europe. The study highlights how digital methods reveal both quantitative and qualitative aspects of intellectual exchange, offering new insights into the formation of transregional knowledge spaces in premodern Europe.

During the final years of the Dutch-War (1672-1678), the French King Louis XIV formed an alliance with the leaders of the Hungarian rebellion and the Transylvanian prince Michael Apafi I. The objective of this alliance was to create a military diversion on the eastern flank of the Habsburgs, enemies
of France at the time. With the help of King Jan III Sobieski, French agents in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth recruited an army of mercenaries for this purpose. After two years of inconclusive campaigns fought in Hungary, most of the mercenaries were allowed to return home. However, three infantry companies (roughly 300 men) were retained as the guard of the Prince of Transylvania for several more years. This case study sheds light on the extent and mechanisms of the early modern international mercenary market in a European region that has largely been overlooked by research.

I explore how knowledge was created and circulated in and between the settlements of the early English East India Company. I aim: to demonstrate connections between scholarship and early colonialism; to highlight the role of non-elite actors in transferring skills and techniques; and to map global knowledge networks based on systems of patronage that cut across national, ethnic, and social boundaries. Chapter 1 uses the life of Samuel Baron, a half-Dutch, half-Vietnamese factor, spy, and broker for the EIC, client of the rulers of Siam and Tonkin, and author of the Description of Tonqueen to examine the importance of passeurs culturels or go-betweens to both the European trading companies and Asian rulers in the period and their role in transmitting geographical and ethnographic information. Chapter 2 examines the local and international botanical and medical networks of two Company surgeons in Madras, based on collections in the Natural History Museum and the surgeons' correspondence with the apothecary James Petiver. Chapter 3 looks in detail at the development of English scholarship on the Malay language: moving from wordlists and manuscript grammars to the first bilingual English-Malay dictionary, published in 1701. I use the texts to examine the early Company's policies of language-learning and teaching and the theoretical and practical basis of linguistic projects in the period. Chapter 4 follows the movement of a travel text, Robert Knox's Historical Relation of Ceylon, with its author on a series of later voyages. I explore the practical uses of such texts to inform bio-prospecting and the transplantation of crops in the Company's search for island bases in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Chapter 5 examines slaves' roles in the transmission of botanical, medical, and cultural knowledge between the 'plantations' of St Helena (South Atlantic) and Bencoulen (Sumatra), through both their work and their resistance.

O temperamento polémico do Padre José Agostinho de Macedo encontrou, nos conjunturalismos históricos em que decorreu a sua vida, motivos suficientes para se entregar às duas actividades para que foi superiormente dotado: o ministério do púlpito e o exercício da pena. De facto, entre estes dois pólos, sublinhou Alfredo Pimenta, se passou toda a sua existência, neles ((permanecendo até ao fim: o de pregador e o de escritor))'. Nunca do pensamento contra-revolucionário se afastou o seu espírito e, por mais acidentada que haja sido a sua trajectória eclesiástica e moral, jamais tergiversou nas veredas da ortodoxia católica. Tido no seu tempo como orador sacro de primeira água, não apenas, ao que se tem dito, por mérito próprio, mas pela reconhecida mediocridade de seus émulos, Pinho Leal acentuou, com mal disfarçado entusiasmo, que «os seus eloquentissimos sermões arrebatavam o auditório, que em chusma acorria a escutá-10))~. Ele próprio confessa, na pregação de uma prédica de matiz político, que para o ouvir se encheu o Templo lisboeta dos Mártires com mais de cinco mil pessoas de ambos os sexos, por entre um silêncio e compunção ((nunca, ou rarissimas vezes)) vistas, a noite, na recolha de uma concorrida procissão de penitência organizada pela Irmandade de Nossa Senhora de ~e s u s ~. Compreende-se, pois, que o contemporâneo Balbi haja ' Cf.

del arzobispo Carrillo, deseoso de acrecentar sus posesiones en tierras palentinas, adquiere del Contador Mayor de Enrique IV, Diego Arias Dávila, el señorío de Villaviudas el 9 de Junio de 1461. Diego Arias intervino en la operacibn como mero intermediario, pues habia acometido la posesión del señorío apenas unos meses antes, el 22 de Noviembre de 1460. La causa de esta mediación podemos conjeturar sería la probable oposición que el convento de Santa María del Escobar de Torquemada, anterior detentador del dominio sobre Villaviudas hubiera planteado, temeroso de la expansión en la región del poderoso Señor de Dueñas. Cuando el 28 de Febrero de 1475 el Conde de Buendía procede a la institución de mayorazgos en las personas de sus hijos, el segundón Pedro de Acuña recibió el señorío de Villaviudas. El nuevo Señor dedicó sus esfuerzos a mantener y acrecentar su herencia mediante una estudiada política de adquisición de propiedades en lugares del término (1). Tras cuarenta años de titularidad indiscutida, el 15 de Enero de 1499, el concejo de Villaviudas inicia una acción legal ante la Real Audiencia de Valladolid, a la que se unirá el 20 de Noviembre de ese mismo año, el convento de Santa María del Escobar. Los demandantes ponen en entredicho la legitimidad de los derechos de Pedro de Acuña en el señorío y reclaman el ejercicio de la jurisdicción civil y criminal, además de acusar al señor de abusos e irregularidades en el cobro de cargas y rentas. (1) FF.RNANDF,7, DE BETHENCOURT, Francisco. Historia genealógica y heráldica dc la Monarquía española, Casa Rcal y Grandes de España. Este autor trata en profundidad la historia de los Acuña, Señores de Villaviudas, pero se equivoca evidentemente cuando considera como primer Señor al hijo del conde de Buendía, t. III, pág. 190.

El objetivo de este trabajo es abordar la figura de la Beata Mariana de
Jesús, terciaria mercedaria de Madrid fallecida en 1624 en olor de santidad y beatificada oficialmente en 1783. Se trata de una aproximación que busca realizar una actualización historiográfica del personaje prestando especial atención a su capacidad de agencia y a su consolidación como autoridad espiritual en un contexto de profundas transformaciones religiosas y políticas. Con ello se pretende valorar cómo la beata supo adaptarse al modelo que las autoridades espirituales y la sociedad esperaban de ella, y qué estrategias desarrolló para moverse por los límites de un mundo muy complejo en el que, fácilmente, podría haber sido censurada, perseguida y condenada, como sucedió con otras mujeres muy similares. Como resultado de su éxito adquirió una reputación de santidad bien asentada, gracias a la cual, con numerosas dificultades a lo largo de los siglos XVII y XVIII, logró la tan ansiada beatificación a finales del Setecientos. El caso de Mariana de Jesús, por lo tanto, permite problematizar la construcción de la santidad femenina en el periodo moderno, y valorar los factores que ayudaban a dotar de autoridad a figuras que, como ella, se legitimaron gracias a su rol como intermediarias con lo divino.

C'è, in Dio, qualcosa che sfugge ogni tentativo di definizione. Abita i luoghi, ma non è mai stanziale: percorre, attraversa, riscrive. Dove abita, dunque, Dio? L'abitare del divino non è una condizione fisica, ma un atto simbolico. È la volontà di trattenere qualcosa che per sua natura tende a sfuggire. Il Mediterraneo, in questo senso, è una "casa" particolare, un luogo in cui Dio non ha mai smesso di abitare mutando pelle, lingua e corpo. Nelle sue acque prende vita da secoli una teologia dell'incontro, dell'errore fecondo, che non ha un centro ma si articola nei margini. Qui Dio non è a priori, ma è l'effetto di una relazione e, proprio per questo, continua a essere vivo, trasformandosi da fondamento a problema aperto, come una domanda che non trova risposta ma che continua a generare pensiero, parola e immagine.

Książę Mustafa, najstarszy syn czwartego osmańskiego władcy, Bajezyda Błyskawicy, został wzięty do niewoli przez Timura Chromego podczas bitwy pod Ankarą w 1402 roku. Po trzynastu latach powrócił, by dzięki pomocy cesarza bizantyńskiego, hospodara wołoskiego i Wenecjan zdobyć tron osmański. Wskutek nieudanej próby przejęcia tronu był przetrzymywany przez Bizantyńczyków do 1421 roku. Po śmierci Mehmeda I Bizantyńczycy postanowili wykorzystać go przeciwko nowemu władcy osmańskiemu, Muradowi II. Mustafa został jednak pokonany przez młodego sułtana i zginął okrzyknięty samozwańcem. Tradycja postrzegania Düzme Mustafy jako samozwańca jest dobrze znana dzięki narracji źródeł osmańskich. Jeśli poukładać osmańskie źródła narracyjne (zwłaszcza kalendarze) w porządku chronologicznym, można zauważyć cztery typy przedstawienia tej postaci. Pierwszy opiera się na stwierdzeniu, że Mustafa był oszustem i nie miał nic wspólnego z rodem Osmana. Drugi zdradza pewną wątpliwość co do tego, czy Mustafa ...

La Rochelle, the fourth largest slaving port in France in the eighteenthcentury, is used as a case study in the application of agency theory to long-distance trade. This analysis explores an area not accounted for in the literature on French commercial practices. Being broadly couched in a New Institutionalist framework, this study explores the formal and informal institutions designed to curb agency problems, and emphasizes the expost strategies such as social rewarding, to which little attention is usually paid. It also finds reputation-effect strategies were efficiently combined with a well-operating legal system. It subsequently challenges the traditional dichotomy between societies where personal links dominated the economy and modern societies where business links are predominantly impersonal. As a result, this empirical analysis leads to a reappraisal of private ordering as opposed to legal centralism and calls for more theoretical research.

La Rochelle, the fourth largest slaving port in France in the eighteenthcentury, is used as a case study in the application of agency theory to long-distance trade. This analysis explores an area not accounted for in the literature on French commercial practices. Being broadly couched in a New Institutionalist framework, this study explores the formal and informal institutions designed to curb agency problems, and emphasizes the expost strategies such as social rewarding, to which little attention is usually paid. It also finds reputation-effect strategies were efficiently combined with a well-operating legal system. It subsequently challenges the traditional dichotomy between societies where personal links dominated the economy and modern societies where business links are predominantly impersonal. As a result, this empirical analysis leads to a reappraisal of private ordering as opposed to legal centralism and calls for more theoretical research.

Mittelalterliche Namen waren Taufnamen: So trivial diese Feststellung sein mag, so wenig kann die Bedeutung unterschatzt werden, die der Verknupfung des christlichen Initiations rituals mit der sozialen Geburt, die die Namengebung ist, zukommt. Angesichts der hohen Be deutung der Namengebung fur alle Formen der Vergesellschaftung ist die Frage nach der Ausgestaltung dieser Verbindung immer auch eine Frage nach Verwandtschaftsstrukturen.1 Fur das Mittelalter ist es dabei insbesondere die Benennung durch und nach Taufpaten, die einerseits fur die ,Christia ni sierung’ der Namengebung steht, andererseits Auskunft uber das Spannungsverhaltnis zwischen den beiden Initiationsriten, dem religiosen und dem familiaren, geben kann. Empi rische Untersuchungen gestalten sich aber als ausgesprochen schwierig, selbst wenn man sich auf die einfache Frage beschrankt, wie haufig Tauflinge im Mittelalter den gleichen Namen wie ihre Paten trugen. Kirchenbucher, die eine Uberprufung erlaubten, wurden i...

“La llegada de los Doce Apóstoles a Nueva España ante una realidad polarizada”, en José Julián Barriga Bravo y Sixto Sánchez-Lauro, coords., Los franciscanos en la América hispana. El legado de los “Doce Apóstoles de México, Murcia, Laborum, ediciones, 2025, pp. 141-145.

Abstract: The article investigates the cartographic self-portraits by Marjorie and Richard Ingalls in their San Francisco Tourmaps from the 1970s through the early 2000s. Marjorie Ingalls founded the Tourmap Company in Spokane, Washington, in 1964, producing colorful city maps for tourists, and Richard joined her soon after. Starting around 1973, the Ingalls began including self-portraits on their maps, which evolved annually to reflect changes in their clothing, appearance, and family, effectively making the portraits visual autobiographies.

Resumen: El artículo analiza los autorretratos cartográficos de Marjorie y Richard Ingalls en sus San Francisco Tourmaps, desde la década de 1970 hasta comienzos de los años 2000. Marjorie Ingalls fundó la Tourmap Company en Spokane, Washington, en 1964, dedicada a producir coloridos mapas urbanos para turistas, y Richard se unió a ella poco después. A partir de aproximadamente 1973, los Ingalls comenzaron a incluir autorretratos en sus mapas, los cuales evolucionaron año tras año para reflejar los cambios en su vestimenta, apariencia y familia, convirtiendo de hecho los retratos en efectivas autobiografías visuales.

Résumé: Cet article examine les autoportraits cartographiques de Marjorie et Richard Ingalls dans leurs San Francisco Tourmaps, des années 1970 au début des années 2000. Marjorie Ingalls fonda la société Tourmap Company à Spokane (État de Washington) en 1964, produisant des cartes urbaines colorées destinées aux touristes, et Richard la rejoignit peu après. À partir de 1973 environ, les Ingalls commencèrent à inclure des autoportraits sur leurs cartes, qui évoluèrent chaque année pour refléter les changements dans leur tenue, leur apparence et leur famille, transformant ainsi ces portraits en véritables autobiographies visuelles.

Zusammenfassung: Der Artikel untersucht die kartografischen Selbstporträts von Marjorie und Richard Ingalls in ihren San Francisco Tourmaps aus den 1970er- bis frühen 2000er-Jahren. Marjorie Ingalls gründete 1964 in Spokane, Washington, die Tourmap Company, die farbenfrohe Stadtpläne für Touristen herstellte, und Richard schloss sich ihr kurz darauf an. Ab etwa 1973 begannen die Ingalls, Selbstporträts in ihre Karten einzufügen, die sich von Jahr zu Jahr veränderten, um Veränderungen in ihrer Kleidung, ihrem Aussehen und ihrer Familie widerzuspiegeln, wodurch die Porträts zu visuellen Autobiografien wurden.

Abstract: L’articolo esamina gli autoritratti cartografici di Marjorie e Richard Ingalls nelle loro San Francisco Tourmaps dagli anni Settanta ai primi anni Duemila. Marjorie Ingalls fondò la Tourmap Company a Spokane, Washington, nel 1964, producendo mappe cittadine colorate per turisti, e Richard si unì a lei poco dopo. A partire dal 1973 circa, gli Ingalls iniziarono a includere autoritratti nelle loro mappe, che si evolsero di anno in anno per riflettere i cambiamenti nel loro abbigliamento, nel loro aspetto e nella loro famiglia, rendendo di fatto i ritratti delle autobiografie visive.

Dos documentos excepcionales en el Archivo Nacional de Colombia (ANC. Vis Boy: 649r-651 v) nos proporcionan un listado de mantas de la cultura muisca poco común, puesto que se aparta de las categorías más frecuentes referentes a tamaño y calidad (de la marca/ chingamanal). Se trata de dos constancias de pagos a indígenas de Oicatá, en la provincia de Tunja, por servicios prestados a su encomendero durante 26 días de 1592 y nuevamente en 1593. La organización social nativa, por "capitanías", es usada como esquema para el reparto del trabajo bajo la responsabilidad de los capitanes.

Карпатський національний університет імені Василя Стефаника МАТЕРІАЛИ звітної наукової конференції викладачів, докторантів, аспірантів університету за 2024 рік Карпатського національного університету імені Василя Стефаника 24-28 березня 2025 року м. Івано-Франківськ 2025
Видання містить результати наукових досліджень із проблем математики, фізики, хімії, біології, екології, лісівництва, агрохімії, економіки, історії, філософії, політології, релігієзнавства, культурології, соціології, психології, філології, педагогіки, мистецтвознавства, туризму, фізичного виховання і спорту. Дослідження виконані в наукових лабораторіях та на кафедрах університету. УДК 378.4(477.86)ПНУ(082)

arturo aragón -archivo Senda de los huertos -alfredo ureña -Carlos María lópez Fé -Pedro Casañas -archivo Instituto de estudios Giennenses -José domínguez -Fto. César, de Porcuna. Senda de los Huertos, no se responsabiliza ni se hace solidaria de las opiniones y contenido de los trabajos publicados que son de la exclusiva responsabilidad de sus autores. Senda de los Huertos, acepta gustosa toda sugerencia, crítica y colaboración que se le ofrezca, si bien no mantendrá correspondencia, ni asumirá compromiso de publicación a fecha fija, sobre trabajos o temas que no se hayan solicitado de forma expresa y concreta a sus autores.

This paper examines Bosnian manuscripts of the well-known Persian-Turkish dictionary in verse, Tuḥfe-i Şāhidī. Widely circulated both within and beyond the Ottoman Empire, the dictionary served as a primer in Persian vocabulary and prosody. It was especially popular in the Empire’s peripheries, where its bilingual content often encountered a third language. One such periphery was Bosnia, the Empire’s westernmost frontier, where hundreds of copies are preserved today in public and private collections. Transcribed mainly by madrasa students and teachers, many Bosnian copies of Tuḥfe-i Şāhidī lack colophons but abound in paratextual features such as ownership statements, event registers, and autobiographical notes. Marginal and interlinear translations of its vocabulary into Bosnian are particularly significant, revealing how local students engaged with its content. By analyzing these paratextual elements, this study offers new insights into the region’s cultural history—particularly its vernacular educational practices—from the early 17th to the late 19th centuries. The presence of the Tuḥfe-i Şāhidī in Bosnia provides compelling evidence that vernacularization unfolded largely within the Ottoman cultural sphere without necessarily being imposed from outside. These Bosnian manuscripts thus illuminate both the linguistic ecology of the region and the broader use of vernaculars in the Ottoman Empire.

This chapter combines approaches from economic and business history with social network analysis to evaluate the challenges faced by a genuinely 'transnational' or 'cosmopolitan' business trading between Europe and the Indian Ocean world in the eighteenth century. By employing Peter F. Drucker's differentiation between a 'multinational' and a 'transnational' enterprise, it evaluates the levels of national preference in the private trading operations of a multinational group of merchants sent by the Prussian East India Company to Bengal in the 1750s . Its findings demonstrate not only the lack of cosmopolitanism of these European traders but also the increased levels of principal-agent problems and moral hazard incurred by transnational enterprises which operated across several national and imperial frameworks. Although headquartered in Emden, Prussia's eighteenth-century North Sea Port located on the German-Dutch border, and chartered by Frederick II of Prussia, the 1750's Prussian Companies trading to China and Bengal were genuinely transnational enterprises. Their capital, directors, sailing and commercial staff were drawn from Britain, Ireland, the Netherlands, Flanders, Sweden, France, and the German states. This cosmopolitan make-up posed a distinct set of challenges in terms of governance and firm organization. The focus of this chapter is on a single voyage, that of the ship Henry Prince of Prussia sent out in 1754 by the newly founded Royal Prussian Commercial Company Trading to Bengal. The captain was a Flemming and the three supercargoes in charge of the expedition were Scottish, French, and Flemish respectively. Instead of accomplishing their mission as instructed, the four took over the ship and the company's funds to finance their own trade along the Coromandel Coast and Bengal in India before their ship sunk in the Ganges mouth a good one and a half years later. The subsequent legal case produced minute evidence that permits us to trace their Indian trading contacts and commercial social network as they developed over time, which in turn gives an insight both into how limited the 'cosmopolitanism' of these individual traders actually was and at the same time how even this limited cosmopolitanism posed an insurmountable challenge for a transnational enterprise operating across different legal and political frameworks. Whatever they claimed in their official letters, the employees of the East India Companies had unofficial (and often underhand) dealings with one another, as well as with a number of Asian traders and brokers. Historians who read Company documents at their face value were making a grave error, and were also demonstrating an inability to penetrate the complex webs of sociability that eventually enabled Phoonsen [a Dutch East India Company Employee] to flee Surat for English protection in Bombay. In August 1756 a European ship, known variously as Prince Henry of Prussia and Le Prince Henri de Prusse, foundered in the Ganges mouth. As the name implied, this was a Prussian ship, the first to be sent by the newly-founded Prussian India Company trading to Bengal. Overseeing a multinational European crew, the supercargo onboard was French and the Captain Flemish. Neither of them turned out to be very good company servants. Captain Clinkaert, drunk and physically abusive not only to his lieutenant and son-in-law but also to several members of the crew, had managed to alienate their original French river pilot who now refused to work for them again. The Captain moreover, getting drunk in his cabin, neither emerged when they neared the difficult sandy parts of the river nor had a boat sent ahead. Instead, when the ship finally ran aground, he continued to ignore the new pilot's requests, contradicted his orders, and abandoned the still perfectly safe ship, commandeering part of his crew to wrap up and disembark his own possessions and very

his chapter explores the dynamic relationship between migration and innovation in the early modern period (ca. 1400–1800), challenging the traditional narrative that views this era merely as a precursor to the mass migrations and industrialisation of later centuries. It was a time of early globalisation, characterised by interconnected trade and exchanges across all inhabited continents, yet devoid of nation-states or dominant western imperial powers. This decentralised framework shaped unique patterns of human mobility and technological exchange, offering valuable counter-narratives to modern migration discourses. By examining the theoretical foundations of historical science and technology studies, the chapter presents a typology of early modern migration and its effects, revealing attitudes toward migrants that diverge sharply from contemporary perspectives. The chapter concludes by addressing the limitations of migration-driven innovation during this period, providing a nuanced understanding of its transformative yet constrained potential.