Heritage Auctions Presents: Monazite-(Ce)
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Monazite-(Ce)
Formula:
Ce(PO4)
Always contains major to minor amounts of other REE (Nd, La, Sm, ...) replacing Ce. Also often contains trace amounts of U and Th (coupled with Ca).
Colour:
Commonly reddish brown to brown; shades of green to brown, yellow brown, rarely nearly white; yellow, colourless in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Greasy
Hardness:
5 - 5½
Specific Gravity:
5 - 5.5
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1829 by Johann Friedrich August Breithaupt from the Greek μουάζω "to be solitary" in allusion to the rarity of its presence in the first known localities. The suffix "Ce" conforms to the Levinson Rule for rare earth minerals, for the cerium dominant member of the monazite series.
Type Locality:
The overwhelmingly most common member of the monazite group. Monazite-(Ce) is a widely distributed mineral, as an accessory in granitic igneous rocks and gneissic metamorphic rocks, and in detrital sands derived from them.
May belong to monazite-(Ce)-huttonite series.
May belong to monazite-(Ce)-huttonite series.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2751
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2751:5
IMA Classification of Monazite-(Ce)
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Monazite-(Ce)
8.AD.50
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
38.4.3.1
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
4 : AXO4
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
4 : AXO4
19.9.3
19 : Phosphates
9 : Phosphates of rare earths and Sc
19 : Phosphates
9 : Phosphates of rare earths and Sc
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mnz-Ce | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Mnz | Kretz (1983) | Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279. |
| Mnz | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
| Mnz | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
| Mnz | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Monazite-(Ce)
Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Greasy
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Commonly reddish brown to brown; shades of green to brown, yellow brown, rarely nearly white; yellow, colourless in transmitted light.
Streak:
White, faintly coloured.
Hardness:
5 - 5½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
On {100}, distinct; on {010}, difficult; also on {110}, {101}, and {011}, indistinct as observed at times.
On {100}, distinct; on {010}, difficult; also on {110}, {101}, and {011}, indistinct as observed at times.
Parting:
Well-marked frequently present on {001}; on {111}, rare.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
5 - 5.5 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.26 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Density increases with an increase in the Th content (to 5.4).
Optical Data of Monazite-(Ce)
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.770 - 1.793 nβ = 1.778 - 1.800 nγ = 1.823 - 1.860
2V:
Measured: 10° to 26°, Calculated: 18° to 24°
Birefringence:
0.060
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.053 - 0.067
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r > v or r < v, weak
Optical Extinction:
X=b, Z^c = 2° - 6°
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Faint to imperceptible. In pale yellows.
Chemistry of Monazite-(Ce)
Mindat Formula:
Ce(PO4)
Always contains major to minor amounts of other REE (Nd, La, Sm, ...) replacing Ce. Also often contains trace amounts of U and Th (coupled with Ca).
Always contains major to minor amounts of other REE (Nd, La, Sm, ...) replacing Ce. Also often contains trace amounts of U and Th (coupled with Ca).
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Monazite-(Ce)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.7902(10) Å, b = 7.0203(6) Å, c = 6.4674(7) Å
β = 103.6°
β = 103.6°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.967 : 1 : 0.921
Unit Cell V:
299.65 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals usually small but may be large and coarse at times. Frequently flattened {100} or elongate [010]; prismatic by extension of {111} at times; equant, or wedge-shaped by the large development of {100} and {111}. Crystal faces commonly rough, striated or uneven.
Twinning:
On {100}, common; cruciform at times. Also on {001}, lamellar, rare. Doubtfully reported on {201} and {902}.
Comment:
Space-group setting P21/n.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0001698 | Monazite-(Ce) | Ni Y, Hughes J M, Mariano A N (1995) Crystal chemistry of the monazite and xenotime structures American Mineralogist 80 21-26 |  | 1995 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001700 | Monazite-(Ce) | Ni Y, Hughes J M, Mariano A N (1995) Crystal chemistry of the monazite and xenotime structures Ce(PO4) American Mineralogist 80 21-26 | | 1995 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0019170 | Monazite-(Ce) | Mooney R C L (1948) Crystal structures of a series of rare earth phosphates Journal of Chemical Physics 16 1003-1003 | 1948 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.285 Å | (35) |
| 3.078 Å | (80) |
| 2.862 Å | (100) |
| 2.151 Å | (40) |
| 1.963 Å | (50) |
| 1.876 Å | (30) |
| 1.738 Å | (40b) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
| 9 : Lava/xenolith minerals (hornfels, sanidinite facies) | |
| Stage 4a: Earth’s earliest continental crust | >4.4-3.0 |
| 19 : Granitic intrusive rocks | |
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) | |
| 26 : Hadean detrital minerals | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites | |
| 36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks | |
| Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
| 40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies) |
Geological Setting:
Pegmatites of various kinds associated with granitic or syenitic igneous rocks.
Type Occurrence of Monazite-(Ce)
General Appearance of Type Material:
Red to red-brown tabular crystals
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mining Academy, Freiberg, Germany 19539
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Originally described from a "quartz-leeren Zirkon Granits", which could be the same as a syenite pegmatite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Monazite-(Ce)
Other Language Names for Monazite-(Ce)
Dutch:Monaziet-(Ce)
Russian:Монацит-(Ce)
Simplified Chinese:铈独居石
Spanish:Edwardsita
Kularita
Kularita
Swedish:Kårarfveit
Traditional Chinese:鈰獨居石
Varieties of Monazite-(Ce)
| Kularite | Black enriched with Eu variety of Monazite-(Ce) from gold placers of Polar Yakutia. Usually form rounded crystals formed in weathering zones of black shales. |
| Silicomonazite | A silicatian Monazite. |
| Sulphate and Strontium-bearing Monazite-(Ce) | A variety strongly enriched in S (≤ 11.3% SO3, accounting for 0.31 apfu S) and Sr (≤ 8.7% SrO, accounting for 0.18 apfu Sr). Occurs in aggregates with hingganite in hydrothermal quartz-albite-chlorite veinlets. |
| Turnerite | Golden yellow to brownish yellow wedge-shaped crystals. |
Relationship of Monazite-(Ce) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Monazite Group:
| Monazite-(Gd) | Gd(PO4) | Mon. |
| Monazite-(La) | La(PO4) | Mon. 2/m |
| Monazite-(Nd) | Nd(PO4) | Mon. 2/m |
| Monazite-(Sm) | Sm(PO4) | Mon. 2/m |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 386 photos of Monazite-(Ce) associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 80 photos of Monazite-(Ce) associated with Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 68 photos of Monazite-(Ce) associated with Cassiterite | SnO2 |
| 66 photos of Monazite-(Ce) associated with Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| 56 photos of Monazite-(Ce) associated with Rutile | TiO2 |
| 52 photos of Monazite-(Ce) associated with Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
| 51 photos of Monazite-(Ce) associated with Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| 37 photos of Monazite-(Ce) associated with Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| 36 photos of Monazite-(Ce) associated with Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| 35 photos of Monazite-(Ce) associated with Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.AD. | Unnamed (Monoclinic polymorph of ximengite) | Bi(PO4) |
| 8.AD. | Keplerite | Ca9(Ca0.5◻0.5)Mg(PO4)7 |
| 8.AD. | Mazorite | Ba3(PO4)2 |
| 8.AD. | Deynekoite | Ca9◻Fe3+(PO4)7 |
| 8.AD. | Monazite-(Gd) | Gd(PO4) |
| 8.AD.05 | Nahpoite | Na2(PO3OH) |
| 8.AD.10 | Weilite | Ca(HAsO4) |
| 8.AD.10 | Švenekite | Ca(H2AsO4)2 |
| 8.AD.10 | Monetite | Ca(PO3OH) |
| 8.AD.15 | Archerite | (K,NH4)(H2PO4) |
| 8.AD.15 | Biphosphammite | NH4(H2PO4) |
| 8.AD.20 | Phosphammite | (NH4)2(PO3OH) |
| 8.AD.25 | Buchwaldite | NaCa(PO4) |
| 8.AD.30 | Schultenite | Pb(HAsO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Dreyerite | Bi(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(La) | La(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Anningite-(Ce) | (Ca0.5Ce4+0.5)(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Pretulite | Sc(PO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(Ce) | Ce(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(Y) | Y(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Yb) | Yb(PO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Chernovite-(Ce) | (Ce,Y)(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Gd) | Gd(PO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Chernovite-(Y) | Y(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(Nd) | Nd(VO4) |
| 8.AD.40 | Pucherite | Bi(VO4) |
| 8.AD.45 | Ximengite | Bi(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | UM2005-35-VO:CaFePSiTh | (Th,Ca)(VO4,SiO4,PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Rooseveltite | Bi(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Gasparite-(Ce) | Ce(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Monazite-(Sm) | Sm(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Monazite-(La) | La(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Monazite-(Nd) | Nd(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Gasparite-(La) | La(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Cheralite | CaTh(PO4)2 |
| 8.AD.55 | Tetrarooseveltite | Bi(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.60 | Chursinite | [Hg2]2+Hg2+2[AsO4]2 |
| 8.AD.65 | Clinobisvanite | Bi(VO4) |
| 8.AD.70 | Gurimite | Ba3(VO4)2 |
| 8.AD.75 | Picaite | NaCa[AsO3OH][AsO2(OH)2] |
Fluorescence of Monazite-(Ce)
Not fluorescent
Other Information
Magnetism:
Paramagnetic
Notes:
Slowly decomposed by acids.
Dull brown cathodoluminescence.
Dull brown cathodoluminescence.
Health Risks:
Radioactive if rich in thorium (major admixture) or uranium (minor admixture).
Industrial Uses:
Ore of the rare earth elements.
Internet Links for Monazite-(Ce)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2751.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Monazite-(Ce)
Reference List:
Brooke, Henry J., Phillips, William (1852) An Elementary Introduction to Mineralogy (6th ed.) pages 493 (Monazite), 653 (Turnerite)
Miers, II. A. (1885) On Monazite from Cornwall, and Connellite. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 6 (30). 164-167 doi:10.1180/minmag.1885.006.030.04(referring to Dana (1882))
Goldschmidt, Victor (1890) Index der Krystallformen der Mineralien Vol. 2. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-25553-7 p.399
Lacroix, Alfred (1922) Minéralogie de Madagascar, Tome I. Géologie-Minéralogie descriptive. Augustin Challamel. 624 pp. pp.351-351
Ellsworth, H. V. (1932) Monazite colored by carbon from Dickens Township, Nipissing District, Ontario. American Mineralogist, 17 (1) 19-28
Parker, Robert L. (1937) A note on the morphology of monazite. American Mineralogist, 22 (5) 572-580
Kucha, Henryk (1980) Continuity in the monazite-huttonite series. Mineralogical Magazine, 43 (332) 1031-1034 doi:10.1180/minmag.1980.043.332.12
Beall, G.W., Boatner, L.A., Mullica, D.F., Milligan, W.O. (1981) The structure of cerium orthophosphate, a synthetic analogue of monazite. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, 43 (1) 101-105 doi:10.1016/0022-1902(81)80443-5
Ni, Yunxiang, Hughes, John M., Mariano, Anthony N. (1995) Crystal chemistry of the monazite and xenotime structures. American Mineralogist, 80 (1) 21-26 doi:10.2138/am-1995-1-203
Montel, Jean-Marc, Foret, Suzanne, Veschambre, Michèle, Nicollet, Christian, Provost, Ariel (1996) Electron microprobe dating of monazite. Chemical Geology, 131 (1) 37-53 doi:10.1016/0009-2541(96)00024-1
HEINRICH, W., REHS, G., FRANZ, G. (1997) Monazite-xenotime miscibility gap thermometry. I. An empirical calibration. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 15 (1) 3-16 doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1997.t01-1-00052.x
Zhu, X. K., O'Nions, R. K. (1999) Monazite chemical composition: some implications for monazite geochronology. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 137 (4) 351-363 doi:10.1007/s004100050555
Williams, Michael L., Jercinovic, Michael J., Terry, Michael P. (1999) Age mapping and dating of monazite on the electron microprobe: Deconvoluting multistage tectonic histories. Geology, 27 (11) 1023 doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<1023:amadom>2.3.co;2
Pyle, J. M. (2001) Monazite-xenotime-garnet equilibrium in metapelites and a new monazite-garnet thermometer. Journal of Petrology, 42 (11) 2083-2107 doi:10.1093/petrology/42.11.2083
Kolitsch, Uwe; Holtstam, Dan (2004) Crystal chemistry of REEXO4 compounds (X = P, As, V). II. Review of REEXO4 compounds and their stability fields. European Journal of Mineralogy, 16 (1). 117-126 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2004/0016-0117
Williams, M.L., Jercinovic, M.J., Goncalves, P., Mahan, K. (2006) Format and philosophy for collecting, compiling, and reporting microprobe monazite ages. Chemical Geology, 225 (1) 1-15 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.07.024
Rasmussen, Birger, Muhling, Janet R. (2007) Monazite begets monazite: evidence for dissolution of detrital monazite and reprecipitation of syntectonic monazite during low-grade regional metamorphism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 154 (6) 675-689 doi:10.1007/s00410-007-0216-6
Rasmussen, Birger, Muhling, Janet R. (2009) Reactions destroying detrital monazite in greenschist-facies sandstones from the Witwatersrand basin, South Africa. Chemical Geology, 264 (1) 311-327 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.03.017
Krenn, E., Finger, F. (2010) Unusually Y-rich monazite-(Ce) with 6–14 wt.% Y2O3 in a granulite from the Bohemian Massif: implications for high-temperature monazite growth from the monazite-xenotime miscibility gap thermometry. Mineralogical Magazine, 74 (2) 217-225 doi:10.1180/minmag.2010.073.2.217
Williams, M.L., Jercinovic, M.J., Harlov, D.E., Budzyń, B., Hetherington, C.J. (2011) Resetting monazite ages during fluid-related alteration. Chemical Geology, 283 (3) 218-225 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.01.019
Ruschel, Katja, Nasdala, Lutz, Kronz, Andreas, Hanchar, John M., Többens, Daniel M., Škoda, Radek, Finger, Friedrich, Möller, Andreas (2012) A Raman spectroscopic study on the structural disorder of monazite–(Ce) Mineralogy and Petrology, 105 (1) 41-55 doi:10.1007/s00710-012-0197-7
Lenz, Christoph, Nasdala, Lutz, Talla, Dominik, Hauzenberger, Christoph, Seitz, Roland, Kolitsch, Uwe (2015) Laser-induced REE3+ photoluminescence of selected accessory minerals — An “advantageous artefact” in Raman spectroscopy. Chemical Geology, 415. 1-16 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.09.001
Erickson, T.M., Pearce, M.A., Taylor, R.J.M., Timms, N.E., Clark, C., Reddy, S.M., Buick, I.S. (2015) Deformed monazite yields high-temperature tectonic ages. Geology, 43 (5) 383-386 doi:10.1130/g36533.1
Wawrzenitz, Nicole, Krohe, Alexander (2016) Deformed monazite yields high-temperature tectonic ages: COMMENT. Geology, 44 (1) doi:10.1130/g37394c.1
Erickson, T.M., Reddy, S.M., Timms, N.E., Pearce, M.A., Taylor, R.J.M., Clark, C., Buick, I.S. (2016) Deformed monazite yields high-temperature tectonic ages: REPLY. Geology, 44 (1) doi:10.1130/g37474y.1
Konečný, Patrik, Kusiak, Monika A., Dunkley, Daniel J. (2018) Improving U-Th-Pb electron microprobe dating using monazite age references. Chemical Geology, 484. 22-35 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.02.014
Montel, Jean-Marc, Kato, Takenori, Enami, Masaki, Cocherie, Alain, Finger, Friedrich, Williams, Michael, Jercinovic, Michael (2018) Electron-microprobe dating of monazite: The story. Chemical Geology, 484. 4-15 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.11.001
Broom-Fendley, Sam, Smith, Martin P, Andrade, Marcelo B, Ray, Santanu, Banks, David A, Loye, Edward, Atencio, Daniel, Pickles, Jonathan R, Wall, Frances (2019) Sulfur-bearing monazite-(Ce) from the Eureka carbonatite, Namibia: oxidation state, substitution mechanism, and formation conditions. Mineralogical Magazine, 84 (1) 35-48 doi:10.1180/mgm.2019.79
Localities for Monazite-(Ce)
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
`.trim(); const m = L.marker([+v.lat, +v.lng], { icon: gvpVolcanoIcon }); m.bindPopup(popup, { maxWidth: 320 }); m.vnum = id; s.gvpIndex[id] = true; s.gvpCluster.addLayer(m); }); } catch (e) { console.warn('GVP local fetch failed', e); } finally { s.gvpLoading = false; } } // --- Refresh handler (add/remove by zoom, fetch by bbox) --- const GVP_MIN_ZOOM = 5; function gvpRefresh(mapid) { const map = l_mcd[mapid].map; if (!map) return; const z = map.getZoom(); const grp = l_mcd[mapid].gvp; // Only do work if the overlay is actually enabled if (!map.hasLayer(grp)) return; // If user zooms out too far, hide (and stop) if (z < GVP_MIN_ZOOM) { map.removeLayer(grp); return; } // Fetch only when we have new territory to cover const b = gvpActiveBounds(mapid); const bbox = gvpBboxFromBounds(b); const padded = gvpExpandBbox(bbox, 0.25); if (!l_mcd[mapid].gvpLastBbox || !gvpWithin(bbox, l_mcd[mapid].gvpLastBbox)) { l_mcd[mapid].gvpLastBbox = padded; gvpFetchVolcanoes(mapid, padded); } } function get_src_parent(src_type) { switch(src_type) { case 3: case 4: case 2: return(2); break; case 21: case 41: case 44: case 51: case 52: case 53: case 54: case 56: case 57: case 58: case 59: case 60: case 62: case 63: case 65: case 66: case 67: case 69: case 70: case 71: case 72: case 73: case 74: case 77: case 78: case 83: case 84: case 85: case 264: case 265: case 268: case 279: case 280: case 281: case 286: case 296: case 311: case 322: case 330: case 333: case 340: case 353: case 361: case 370: case 377: case 381: case 391: case 393: case 394: case 422: case 423: case 429: case 430: case 463: case 467: case 469: case 476: case 481: case 498: case 518: case 534: case 541: case 544: case 555: case 577: case 591: case 593: case 595: case 614: case 50: return(50); break; case 90: case 91: case 92: case 93: case 94: case 95: case 96: case 97: case 98: case 99: case 100: case 101: case 102: case 356: case 372: case 89: return(89); break; case 104: case 105: case 106: case 107: case 108: case 109: case 110: case 111: case 112: case 113: case 114: case 115: case 116: case 117: case 118: case 119: case 120: case 121: case 122: case 123: case 124: case 125: case 126: case 127: case 128: case 129: case 130: case 131: case 132: case 133: case 134: case 135: case 136: case 137: case 138: case 139: case 140: case 141: case 142: case 143: case 144: case 145: case 146: case 147: case 148: case 149: case 150: case 151: case 152: case 153: case 154: case 155: case 156: case 157: case 158: case 159: case 252: case 256: case 263: case 355: case 357: case 369: case 387: case 388: case 389: case 390: case 392: case 400: case 401: case 402: case 404: case 405: case 406: case 407: case 408: case 409: case 412: case 413: case 414: case 415: case 416: case 419: case 420: case 421: case 424: case 425: case 427: case 428: case 437: case 439: case 442: case 443: case 444: case 449: case 452: case 455: case 456: case 457: case 459: case 460: case 462: case 470: case 471: case 472: case 473: case 474: case 477: case 478: case 479: case 480: case 490: case 491: case 492: case 493: case 495: case 496: case 497: case 499: case 500: case 501: case 502: case 503: case 505: case 506: case 507: case 508: case 509: case 511: case 512: case 516: case 517: case 519: case 520: case 521: case 522: case 523: case 524: case 525: case 528: case 529: case 530: case 533: case 535: case 545: case 549: case 550: case 552: case 556: case 559: case 560: case 561: case 562: case 563: case 564: case 565: case 568: case 570: case 582: case 583: case 584: case 585: case 590: case 594: case 596: case 597: case 598: case 599: case 600: case 613: case 616: case 624: case 625: case 626: case 627: case 649: case 651: case 103: return(103); break; case 161: case 162: case 163: case 164: case 165: case 166: case 167: case 168: case 169: case 170: case 171: case 172: case 173: case 174: case 175: case 176: case 177: case 178: case 179: case 180: case 181: case 182: case 183: case 184: case 185: case 187: case 188: case 189: case 190: case 191: case 192: case 194: case 195: case 196: case 197: case 198: case 199: case 200: case 201: case 202: case 203: case 204: case 205: case 206: case 207: case 208: case 209: case 210: case 211: case 212: case 213: case 214: case 215: case 216: case 217: case 218: case 219: case 220: case 221: case 222: case 223: case 224: case 225: case 226: case 227: case 228: case 229: case 230: case 231: case 232: case 233: case 234: case 262: case 266: case 267: case 283: case 284: case 288: case 292: case 295: case 297: case 310: case 312: case 318: case 319: case 320: case 329: case 334: case 335: case 336: case 337: case 342: case 344: case 347: case 354: case 362: case 363: case 364: case 365: case 366: case 367: case 368: case 379: case 382: case 386: case 426: case 438: case 440: case 446: case 448: case 451: case 453: case 461: case 464: case 465: case 466: case 504: case 510: case 531: case 536: case 537: case 539: case 540: case 542: case 543: case 548: case 553: case 557: case 571: case 575: case 578: case 579: case 586: case 604: case 608: case 617: case 621: case 640: case 643: case 646: case 160: return(160); break; case 23: case 236: case 237: case 238: case 239: case 240: case 241: case 242: case 243: case 244: case 432: case 433: case 434: case 454: case 532: case 558: case 576: case 580: case 588: case 618: case 235: return(235); break; case 1: case 186: case 248: case 376: case 623: case 246: return(246); break; case 250: case 251: case 253: case 254: case 255: case 257: case 258: case 259: case 325: case 331: case 332: case 339: case 343: case 395: case 435: case 436: case 441: case 450: case 458: case 513: case 514: case 515: case 566: case 567: case 569: case 601: case 602: case 619: case 249: return(249); break; case 193: case 270: case 271: case 272: case 273: case 274: case 275: case 276: case 277: case 278: case 289: case 290: case 293: case 294: case 309: case 313: case 321: case 323: case 341: case 349: case 351: case 359: case 360: case 371: case 373: case 383: case 384: case 397: case 399: case 410: case 431: case 445: case 447: case 475: case 482: case 483: case 484: case 485: case 486: case 487: case 488: case 489: case 494: case 526: case 527: case 546: case 547: case 551: case 554: case 572: case 573: case 574: case 581: case 587: case 589: case 592: case 603: case 605: case 607: case 609: case 610: case 611: case 612: case 620: case 628: case 629: case 630: case 631: case 632: case 633: case 634: case 635: case 636: case 637: case 638: case 639: case 641: case 269: return(269); break; case 299: case 300: case 301: case 302: case 303: case 304: case 305: case 306: case 307: case 308: case 380: case 385: case 468: case 538: case 606: case 615: case 622: case 298: return(298); break; default: return(0); } } function src_type_to_ordinal(src_type) { switch(src_type) { case 50: return(1); case 160: return(2); case 269: return(3); case 103: return(4); case 249: return(5); case 298: return(6); case 246: return(7); case 2: return(8); case 89: return(9); case 235: return(10); default: return(0); } } function l_setcoordsystem(mapid,csys) { if(csys!=l_mcd[mapid].coordsystem) { if( l_mcd[mapid].map) l_mcd[mapid].map.remove(); for (key in l_mcd[mapid].basemaps) { if (l_mcd[mapid].basemaps.hasOwnProperty(key)) { l_mcd[mapid].basemaps[key].remove(); } } for (key in l_mcd[mapid].overlaymaps) { if (l_mcd[mapid].overlaymaps.hasOwnProperty(key)) { l_mcd[mapid].overlaymaps[key].remove(); } } l_mcd[mapid].coordsystem=csys; l_mcd[mapid].basemaps=[]; l_mcd[mapid].overlaymaps=[]; if(l_mcd[mapid].layerctrl) { l_mcd[mapid].layerctrl.remove(); l_mcd[mapid].layerctrl=null; } if(l_mcd[mapid].scalectrl) { l_mcd[mapid].scalectrl.remove(); l_mcd[mapid].scalectrl=null; } if(l_mcd[mapid].slidey) { l_mcd[mapid].slidey.remove(); l_mcd[mapid].slidey=null; } switch(csys.toString()) { case "0": l_mcd[mapid].map=L.map(l_mcd[mapid].div, { center: [l_mcd[mapid].centerLat, l_mcd[mapid].centerLong], zoom: l_mcd[mapid].initzoom, crs: L.CRS.EPSG3857 }).addControl(new L.Control.Fullscreen()); if(l_mcd[mapid].max_zoom) l_mcd[mapid].map.options.maxZoom=l_mcd[mapid].max_zoom; l_mcd[mapid].mindatlocs= new L.featureGroup; l_mcd[mapid].paleolocs= new L.featureGroup; l_mcd[mapid].gnlocs = new L.featureGroup; l_mcd[mapid].mindattimer=0; l_mcd[mapid].paleotimer=0; l_mcd[mapid].gntimer=0; l_mcd[mapid].overlaymaps={}; l_mcd[mapid].olzoom=0; // GVP volcanoes (FeatureGroup + Cluster) l_mcd[mapid].gvp = new L.featureGroup(); l_mcd[mapid].gvpCluster = L.markerClusterGroup({ maxClusterRadius: l_mcd[mapid].clusterradius || 40, spiderfyOnMaxZoom: true, showCoverageOnHover: false }); l_mcd[mapid].gvp.addLayer(l_mcd[mapid].gvpCluster); // l_mcd[mapid].featuregroup.addLayer(l_mcd[mapid].gvp); // State for fetching/deduping l_mcd[mapid].gvpIndex = {}; l_mcd[mapid].gvpLastBbox = null; l_mcd[mapid].gvpLoading = false; // Make it act like your other overlays (min/max zoom + bounds), but no slider l_mcd[mapid].gvp.noslider = 1; l_mcd[mapid].gvp.options.minZoom = 5; l_mcd[mapid].gvp.options.maxZoom = 19; l_mcd[mapid].gvp.options.bounds = [[-81, -180], [81, 180]]; // Register in overlaymaps so your existing control logic knows it exists l_mcd[mapid].basemaps= { "OpenStreetMap": L.tileLayer('https://{s}.tile.openstreetmap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png', { maxZoom: 18, minZoom: 1, bounds: [[-81, -180], [81, 180]], attribution: 'Localities mindat.org, Base map © OpenStreetMap' }).addTo(l_mcd[mapid].map), "OpenStreetMap.de": L.tileLayer('https://{s}.tile.openstreetmap.de/{z}/{x}/{y}.png', { maxZoom: 18, minZoom: 1, bounds: [[-81, -180], [81, 180]], attribution: 'Localities mindat.org, Base map © OpenStreetMap' }) }; if (typeof L.gridLayer.googleMutant === "function") { l_mcd[mapid].basemaps["Google Hybrid"] = L.gridLayer.googleMutant({ bounds: [[-81, -180], [81, 180]], type: 'hybrid' // valid values are 'roadmap', 'satellite', 'terrain' and 'hybrid' }); l_mcd[mapid].basemaps["Google Satellite"] = L.gridLayer.googleMutant({ bounds: [[-81, -180], [81, 180]], type: 'satellite' // valid values are 'roadmap', 'satellite', 'terrain' and 'hybrid' }); } l_mcd[mapid].basemaps["Esri WorldTopo"] = L.tileLayer('https://server.arcgisonline.com/ArcGIS/rest/services/World_Topo_Map/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}', { bounds: [[-81, -180], [81, 180]], maxZoom: 16, attribution: 'Localities © mindat.org, Base map © Esri — Esri, DeLorme, NAVTEQ, TomTom, Intermap, iPC, USGS, FAO, NPS, NRCAN, GeoBase, Kadaster NL, Ordnance Survey, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong Kong), and the GIS User Community' }); l_mcd[mapid].basemaps["Esri NatGeo"] = L.tileLayer('https://server.arcgisonline.com/ArcGIS/rest/services/NatGeo_World_Map/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}', { attribution: 'Localities © mindat.org, Base map © Esri — National Geographic, Esri, DeLorme, NAVTEQ, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, iPC', bounds: [[-81, -180], [81, 180]], maxZoom: 16 }); l_mcd[mapid].basemaps["Esri DeLorme"] = L.tileLayer('https://server.arcgisonline.com/ArcGIS/rest/services/Specialty/DeLorme_World_Base_Map/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}', { attribution: 'Localities © mindat.org, Base map © Esri — Copyright: ©2012 DeLorme', minZoom: 1, bounds: [[-81, -180], [81, 180]], maxZoom: 11 }); l_mcd[mapid].basemaps["OpenTopoMap"] =L.tileLayer('https://{s}.tile.opentopomap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png', { maxZoom: 17, bounds: [[-81, -180], [81, 180]], attribution: 'Localities © mindat.org, Base map data: © OpenStreetMap contributors, SRTM | Map style: © OpenTopoMap (CC-BY-SA)' }); l_mcd[mapid].basemaps["Esri OceanBasemap"] = L.tileLayer('https://server.arcgisonline.com/ArcGIS/rest/services/Ocean_Basemap/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}', { attribution: 'Tiles © Esri — Sources: GEBCO, NOAA, CHS, OSU, UNH, CSUMB, National Geographic, DeLorme, NAVTEQ, and Esri', bounds: [[-81, -180], [81, 180]], maxZoom: 13 }); l_mcd[mapid].overlaymaps["GeoportailFrance Satellite"] = L.tileLayer('https://wxs.ign.fr/{apikey}/geoportail/wmts?REQUEST=GetTile&SERVICE=WMTS&VERSION=1.0.0&STYLE={style}&TILEMATRIXSET=PM&FORMAT={format}&LAYER=ORTHOIMAGERY.ORTHOPHOTOS&TILEMATRIX={z}&TILEROW={y}&TILECOL={x}', { attribution: 'Localities © mindat.org, Base map Geoportail France', bounds: [[-75, -180], [81, 180]], minZoom: 4, maxZoom: 19, apikey: 'choisirgeoportail', format: 'image/jpeg', style: 'normal' }); l_mcd[mapid].overlaymaps[ "Esri Satellite"]= L.tileLayer('https://server.arcgisonline.com/ArcGIS/rest/services/World_Imagery/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}', { minZoom: 1, maxZoom: 19, bounds: [[-81, -180], [81, 180]], attribution: 'Localities © mindat.org, Base map © Esri — Source: Esri, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, GeoEye, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, UPR-EGP, and the GIS User Community' }); l_mcd[mapid].overlaymaps["Esri Historic"] = L.esri.tiledMapLayer({ minZoom: 8, maxZoom: 19, bounds: [[18.91619, -171.791110603 ], [71.3577635769, -66.96466 ]], url: 'https://services.arcgisonline.com/ArcGIS/rest/services/USA_Topo_Maps/MapServer' }); l_mcd[mapid].overlaymaps["USGS Topo"] = L.tileLayer('https://basemap.nationalmap.gov/ArcGIS/rest/services/USGSTopo/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}', { bounds: [[18.91619, -171.791110603 ], [71.3577635769, -66.96466 ]], maxZoom: 14, attribution: 'Localities © mindat.org, Base map U.S. Department of the Interior | U.S. Geological Survey | Policies' }); l_mcd[mapid].overlaymaps['FreeMapSK'] = L.tileLayer('https://{s}.freemap.sk/T/{z}/{x}/{y}.jpeg', { minZoom: 8, maxZoom: 16, subdomains: 'abcd', bounds: [[47.204642, 15.996093], [49.830896, 22.576904]], attribution: '© OpenStreetMap contributors, vizualization CC-By-SA 2.0 Freemap.sk' }); l_mcd[mapid].overlaymaps['BasemapAT Grau'] = L.tileLayer('https://mapsneu.wien.gv.at/basemap/bmapgrau/{type}/google3857/{z}/{y}/{x}.{format}', { maxZoom: 19, minZoom: 6, attribution: 'Datenquelle: basemap.at', // subdomains: ["", "1", "2", "3", "4"], type: 'normal', format: 'png', bounds: [[46.35877, 8.782379], [49.037872, 17.189532]] }); l_mcd[mapid].overlaymaps['HikeBike HillShading'] = L.tileLayer('https://tiles.wmflabs.org/hillshading/{z}/{x}/{y}.png', { minZoom: 5, maxZoom: 15, bounds: [[0, -180], [66, 90]], attribution: '© OpenStreetMap contributors' }); l_mcd[mapid].overlaymaps['NASA GIBS EarthAtNight'] = L.tileLayer('https://map1.vis.earthdata.nasa.gov/wmts-webmerc/VIIRS_CityLights_2012/default/{time}/{tilematrixset}{maxZoom}/{z}/{y}/{x}.{format}', { attribution: 'Imagery provided by services from the Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), operated by the NASA/GSFC/Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS) with funding provided by NASA/HQ.', bounds: [[-85.0511287776, -179.999999975], [85.0511287776, 179.999999975]], minZoom: 1, maxZoom: 8, format: 'jpg', time: '', tilematrixset: 'GoogleMapsCompatible_Level' }); l_mcd[mapid].overlaymaps['Ordnance Survey (UK)']= L.tileLayer('https://os.openstreetmap.org/sv/{z}/{x}/{y}.png', { attribution: 'Localities © mindat.org, Base map Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2016', bounds: [[49.6, -12], [61.7, 3]], minZoom: 5, maxZoom: 18 }); l_mcd[mapid].overlaymaps["NLS Historic"]= L.tileLayer('https://nls-{s}.tileserver.com/nls/{z}/{x}/{y}.jpg', { attribution: 'Localities © mindat.org, Base map National Library of Scotland Historic Maps', bounds: [[49.6, -12], [61.7, 3]], minZoom: 5, maxZoom: 18, subdomains: '0123' }); l_mcd[mapid].overlaymaps["Macrostrat Geology"] = macroslayer=L.tileLayer('https://macrostrat.org/api/v2/maps/burwell/emphasized/{z}/{x}/{y}/tile.png', { maxZoom: 19, bounds: [[-81, -180], [81, 180]], attribution: 'Macrostrat' }); l_mcd[mapid].gnlocs.noslider=1; l_mcd[mapid].gnlocs.options.minZoom=11; l_mcd[mapid].gnlocs.options.maxZoom=19; l_mcd[mapid].gnlocs.options.bounds= [[-81, -180], [81, 180]]; l_mcd[mapid].overlaymaps["GeoNames"]=l_mcd[mapid].gnlocs; l_mcd[mapid].mindatlocs.noslider=1; l_mcd[mapid].mindatlocs.options.minZoom=8; l_mcd[mapid].mindatlocs.options.maxZoom=19; l_mcd[mapid].mindatlocs.options.bounds= [[-81, -180], [81, 180]]; l_mcd[mapid].overlaymaps["Mindat.org Localities"]=l_mcd[mapid].mindatlocs; l_mcd[mapid].paleolocs.noslider=1; l_mcd[mapid].paleolocs.options.minZoom=8; l_mcd[mapid].paleolocs.options.maxZoom=19; l_mcd[mapid].paleolocs.options.bounds= [[-81, -180], [81, 180]]; l_mcd[mapid].overlaymaps["PBDB Localities"]=l_mcd[mapid].paleolocs; l_mcd[mapid].overlaymaps["GVP Volcanoes"] = l_mcd[mapid].gvp; break; case "1": l_mcd[mapid].map=L.map(l_mcd[mapid].div, { center: [l_mcd[mapid].centerLat, l_mcd[mapid].centerLong], zoom: l_mcd[mapid].initzoom, crs: L.extend({}, L.CRS.EPSG3857, {R: 1737000}) }).addControl(new L.Control.Fullscreen()); l_mcd[mapid].basemaps= { "Moon": L.tileLayer('https://cartocdn-gusc.global.ssl.fastly.net/opmbuilder/api/v1/map/named/opm-moon-basemap-v0-1/all/{z}/{x}/{y}.png', { attribution: 'Localities © mindat.org, Base map openplanetary.org', minZoom: 1, maxZoom: 8, zoom: 3, bounds: [[-81, -180], [81, 180]], tms: false }).addTo(l_mcd[mapid].map).setZIndex(0), "Hillshaded Albedo": L.tileLayer('https://s3.amazonaws.com/opmbuilder/301_moon/tiles/w/hillshaded-albedo/{z}/{x}/{y}.png', { maxZoom: 6, minZoom: 1, zoom: 3, bounds: [[-81, -180], [81, 180]], tms: true, attribution: 'Localities © mindat.org, Base map openplanetary.org' }).setZIndex(0) }; break; case "2": l_mcd[mapid].map=L.map(l_mcd[mapid].div, { center: [l_mcd[mapid].centerLat, l_mcd[mapid].centerLong], zoom: l_mcd[mapid].initzoom, crs: L.extend({}, L.CRS.EPSG3857, {R: 3389500}) }).addControl(new L.Control.Fullscreen()); l_mcd[mapid].basemaps= { "Mars": L.tileLayer('https://cartocdn-gusc.global.ssl.fastly.net/opmbuilder/api/v1/map/named/opm-mars-basemap-v0-2/all/{z}/{x}/{y}.png', { attribution: 'Localities © mindat.org, Base map openplanetary.org', minZoom: 1, maxZoom: 7, zoom: 3, bounds: [[-81, -180], [81, 180]], tms: false }).addTo(l_mcd[mapid].map).setZIndex(0), "Shaded Surface": L.tileLayer('http://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/whereonmars.cartodb.net/celestia_mars-shaded-16k_global/{z}/{x}/{y}.png', { maxZoom: 5, minZoom: 1, zoom: 3, bounds: [[-81, -180], [81, 180]], tms: true, attribution: 'Localities © mindat.org, Base map openplanetary.org' }).setZIndex(0), "MOLA Elevation": L.tileLayer('http://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/whereonmars.cartodb.net/mola-gray/{z}/{x}/{y}.png', { maxZoom: 5, minZoom: 1, zoom: 3, bounds: [[-81, -180], [81, 180]], tms: true, attribution: 'Localities © mindat.org, Base map openplanetary.org' }).setZIndex(0) }; l_mcd[mapid].overlaymaps={ "MOLA Colour": L.tileLayer('http://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/whereonmars.cartodb.net/mola_color-noshade_global/{z}/{x}/{y}.png', { maxZoom: 5, minZoom: 1, zoom: 3, bounds: [[-81, -180], [81, 180]], tms: true }).setZIndex(0) }; break; case "5": l_mcd[mapid].map=L.map(l_mcd[mapid].div, { center: [l_mcd[mapid].centerLat, l_mcd[mapid].centerLong], zoom: l_mcd[mapid].initzoom, crs: L.extend({}, L.CRS.EPSG3857, {R: 6051800}) }).addControl(new L.Control.Fullscreen()); l_mcd[mapid].basemaps= { "Venus": L.tileLayer('/venus5/{z}/{x}/{y}.png', { minZoom: 1, maxZoom: 3, bounds: [[-81, -180], [81, 180]], attribution: 'Localities © mindat.org, Base map Daniel Macháček' }).addTo(l_mcd[mapid].map).setZIndex(0) }; break; default: $("#"+l_mcd[mapid].div).hide(); break; } addctrlayer(mapid); l_mcd[mapid].map.on('zoomend', function() { movefinished(mapid); }); l_mcd[mapid].map.on('dragend', function() { movefinished(mapid); }); // l_mcd[mapid]._resetView(l_mcd[mapid].getCenter(), l_mcd[mapid].getZoom()); // if(csys==0) l_mcd[mapid].scalectrl=L.control.scale().addTo(l_mcd[mapid].map); l_addmarkers(mapid,csys,0); } } var l_pinImageMain = []; var l_pinImageEst = []; var l_pinImageNear = []; var l_pinImageM; var l_pinImageP; var l_pinImageF; var l_pinImageFGrey; function init_pins() { for(var i=0;i<=10;i++) { l_pinImageMain[i] = L.icon({ iconUrl: '/img/markers/p'+i+".png", iconAnchor: [12, 34], // 39 old 34 new iconSize: [25, 41] }); l_pinImageEst[i] = L.icon({ iconUrl: '/img/markers/g'+i+".png", iconAnchor: [12, 12], iconSize: [25, 41] }); l_pinImageNear[i] = L.icon({ iconUrl: '/img/markers/n'+i+".png", iconAnchor: [12, 34], // 39 old 34 new iconSize: [25, 41] }); } /* l_pinImage = L.icon({ iconUrl: '/img/hex-marker-icon.png', iconAnchor: [12, 34], // 39 old 34 new iconSize: [25, 41] }); l_pinImageGrey = L.icon({ iconUrl: '/img/hex-marker-icon-grey.png', iconAnchor: [12, 34], iconSize: [25, 41] }); l_pinImageMet = L.icon({ iconUrl: '/img/hex-marker-icon-met.png', iconAnchor: [12, 34], iconSize: [25, 41] }); l_pinImageGreyMet = L.icon({ iconUrl: '/img/hex-marker-icon-grey-met.png', iconAnchor: [12, 34], iconSize: [25, 41] }); l_pinImageRad = L.icon({ iconUrl: '/img/hex-marker-icon-rad.png', iconAnchor: [12, 12], iconSize: [25, 41] }); l_pinImageMetRad = L.icon({ iconUrl: '/img/hex-marker-icon-met-rad.png', iconAnchor: [12, 12], iconSize: [25, 41] }); l_pinImage9 = L.icon({ iconUrl: '/img/hex-marker-icon-met-rad.png', iconAnchor: [12,12], iconSize: [25, 41] }); */ l_pinImageM = L.icon({ iconUrl: '/img/markers/m.png', iconAnchor: [12,34], iconSize: [25, 41] }); l_pinImageP = L.icon({ iconUrl: '/img/markers/e.png', iconAnchor: [12,34], iconSize: [25, 41] }); l_pinImageF = L.icon({ iconUrl: '/img/markers/fp.png', iconAnchor: [12,34], iconSize: [25, 41] }); l_pinImageFGrey = L.icon({ iconUrl: '/img/markers/fn.png', iconAnchor: [12,34], iconSize: [25, 41] }); } function l_addmarkers(mapid,csys,docircle) { let q=0; if(l_mcd[mapid].pts.length) { for(i=0;iLegend (click to dismiss)
No locality type selected
Mines & Prospects
Physical Geography
Geological Features
Administrative Divisions
Settlements
Protected Areas
Meteorites
Erratics
Extraterrestrial (e.g. on Moon)
Artifical Features" + "
PaleoBioDB localities
Museum
Other Item(page specific)
The small symbol inside an icon describes the class of locality listed. This can be combined with the three base icon colours (red, green, white) in any combiation.
" + "
Red icons have coordinates entered into the system directly." +
"
Green icons have coordinates estimated by the system and may also display a blue margin of error circle 
around them." +
"
White icons are shown in certain pages to distinguish the locality in question from nearby localities." +
"
When multiple icons are close together they may be clustered into a group represented by a green circle, click to reveal the contents.
" +
"" + "
Red icons have coordinates entered into the system directly. Green icons have coordinates estimated by the system and may also display a blue margin of error circle around them. White icons are shown in certain pages to distinguish the locality in question from nearby localities. When multiple icons are close together they may be clustered into a group represented by a green circle, click to reveal the contents.| Name: | " + data.success.data.mapData[0].name + " |
|---|---|
| Lithology: | " + data.success.data.mapData[0].lith+" |
| Age: | "+ from.int_name; if(to = data.success.data.mapData[0].t_int) { if(from.int_name!=to.int_name) out+=" to " + to.int_name; } out+=" ("+from.b_age+" - "; if(to) { out+= to.t_age; } else out+=from.t_age; out+=" Ma) |
| Reference: | "; if(ref.url) out+=""; out+=ref.name; if(ref.ref_year) out+=" ("+ref.ref_year+") "; if(ref.ref_source) out+=", "+ref.ref_source; out+=" |
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan | |
| Tucker et al. (2012) |
Antarctica | |
| Grew (1981) +1 other reference |
| Grew et al. (2007) |
| Grew et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
Argentina | |
| Padrón de Minas de la Provincia de ... |
| COLOMBO +2 other references |
| Angelelli et al. (1983) |
| Angelelli et al. (1983) |
| Angelelli et al. (1983) | |
| Angelelli et al. (1983) | |
| Angelelli (1958) |
| Angelelli (1958) | |
| Angelelli (1958) |
| Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry |
| Galliski et al. (2006) |
| Galliski et al. (2006) | |
| Raúl Tauber Larry´s collection. |
| Ribacki et al. (2023) |
| Miguel Ángel María Florencia Márquez-Zavalía (eds.) |
| M. B. FRANCHINI et al. (8300) +6 other references |
| M. FRANCHINI +1 other reference | |
| M. Franchini et al. (2002) | |
Australia | |
| Munro-Smith (2006) |
| |
| Anderson et al. (4) |
| Scott Whittemore. +1 other reference | |
| Birch (1999) |
| Anderson et al. (4) |
| PA Wulser data / Coats & Blissetts 1971 |
| Arbon (2011) |
| Brugger et al. (2006) |
| Coats et al. (1971) |
| Brugger et al. (2003) | |
| Mount Woods Inlier et al. (Honors thesis) +1 other reference |
| Wulser PA et al. U-Th-REE mobility in ... |
| Econ Geol. (1992) +2 other references |
| mentioned references in description |
| www.crocoite.com (2002) |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) | |
| Bottrill & Taheri +1 other reference |
| |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) | |
| R Botttrill |
| Ryan Eagle collection |
| Personally collected by Ryan Eagle in ... | |
| Eagle et al. (2015) | |
| Eagle (2009) | |
| Personally collected by Ryan Eagle in ... | |
| Eagle (2009) |
| |
| Mills et al. (2010) |
| Downes et al. (2006) |
| Downes et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
| Simpson (1928) +1 other reference |
Austria | |
| Auer (2020) |
| Leute (1999) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Walter et al. (2001) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Kolitsch (2019) |
| Müller (2016) |
| Schuster R. et al. (2016) |
| Kolitsch (2017) |
| Erwin Löffler collection |
| HEHENBERGER (1996) | |
| Kolitsch (2025) |
| Kolitsch (2021) | |
| Becker (1996) |
| Collection of Martin Slama +1 other reference |
| Kolitsch (2017) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2020) |
| NIEDERMAYR et al. (2005) |
| Kolitsch (2025) |
| Knobloch et al. (2021) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2022) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2015) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2014) |
| Auer (2022) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2023) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2016) |
| Kolitsch (2019) |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| C.Auer 2012 |
| C.Auer (2024) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2019) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2012) |
| Walter (2010) |
| C.Auer (2018) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
| Tanzi Maurizio. | |
| Fred Kruijen colelction |
| Neschen (n.d.) | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2021) |
| Steiner&Melcher (2020) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Kolitsch (2020) | |
| Collection of NHM |
| Chinellato Matteo |
| Preite (2012) | |
| Gröbner et al. (2008) |
| |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Walter (2009) | |
| Stephan Wolfsried collection | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2012) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2016) |
| C.Auer (2016) |
| |
| Kolitsch (2008) |
| Bernhard et al. (2006) |
| Auer (2020) |
| SEM-EDS |
| Franz Bernhard collection |
| Franz Bernhard collection | |
| Ertl et al. (1998) | |
| Postl et al. (2024) |
| Bernhard (2006) |
| |
| Grachev (Ed) +1 other reference |
| Picture first described in: +1 other reference |
| SEM-EDX |
| Auer (2022) |
| Postl et al. (2005) |
| Taucher et al. (1998) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Jakely (2008) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2016) |
| Kolitsch (2017) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2023) |
| Walter et al. (2019) |
| C.Auer (2016) |
| Auer (2022) | |
| C.Auer (2016) | |
| - (1997) |
| K. Folie (1999) | |
| Reiter (2012) |
| C.Auer (2013) |
| Horninger (1936) +1 other reference |
| Kolitsch (2008) +1 other reference |
| Kolitsch et al. (2020) |
| Kolitsch (2015) |
| Kolitsch (2014) |
| Kolitsch (2015) | |
| Kolitsch (2015) | |
Belgium | |
| Burnotte et al. (1989) +1 other reference |
| Limbourg (1986) +1 other reference |
| Dillen et al. (2004) +2 other references |
| Blondieau (2005) |
| Nonnon (1984) +1 other reference |
| Renard (1881) +4 other references |
Bolivia | |
| Cacho et al. (2019) |
| Jiménez-Franco et al. (2018) |
| Petrov (n.d.) |
| RRUFF specimen R060925 | |
| Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009) |
Botswana | |
| Melgarejo et al. (2011) |
Brazil | |
| Nitze (1895) |
| Overstreet |
| Overstreet |
| F. Zaccarini (2006) | |
| Overstreet |
| Nitze (1895) | |
| Santos et al. (2018) |
| Cassedanne (1985) |
| Overstreet |
| Tony Nikischer | |
| Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry |
| Santana et al. (2022) |
| Portella et al. (2016) |
| Kaminsky et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Ferdinando Giovine collection (analysis by Prof. A. U. Falster, University of New Orleans) |
| Luis Menezes specimen |
| Leonardo | |
| Cassedanne et al. (1999) |
| Luis Menezes |
| Cassedanne et al. (1994) |
| Martins da Pedra |
| Menezes da Silva et al. (2020) |
| Andrade et al. (2013) | |
| Brugger et al. (1997) |
| Brugger et al. (1997) | |
| Azzi (2019) |
| Azzi (2019) | |
| King (n.d.) |
| Chris D. Parkinson et al. | |
| Costanzo et al. (2006) |
Bulgaria | |
| Petrík et al. (2016) |
Burundi | |
| Ntiharirizwa et al. (2018) |
Cambodia | |
| Filina et al. (2019) |
Canada | |
| Dalsin (2013) +1 other reference |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Caudle +1 other reference | |
| Pell (1994) |
| Dixon et al. (2014) |
| Pan et al. (2000) |
| Paul (1984) +1 other reference |
| Camacho et al. (2014) |
| Cerny et al. 2012 +1 other reference |
| Ducharme (2020) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2013) |
| Sheard et al. (2012) |
| Badham et al. (1980) |
| Anton R. Chakhmouradian and Roger H. Mitchell (2001) | |
| Pinckston et al. (1995) +2 other references |
| Ercit et al. (2003) | |
| Owen +3 other references |
| Can. Mineral. (1993) |
| SAGE (1981) |
| Schandl et al. (1991) |
| Schandl (2004) |
| Canadian Mineralogist 45 |
| King (n.d.) |
| King (n.d.) | |
| David Joyce +2 other references |
| Ercit (1994) |
| Ercit (1994) | |
| Ercit (1994) |
| Canadian Mineralogist 49 |
| Ercit (1994) |
| Grew et al. (2010) |
| King et al. (1993) |
| Harris (1989) |
| Mitchell et al. (1993) | |
| Platt & Wooley (1990) |
| Potter et al. (2005) |
| Canadian Mineralogist 49 |
| Helt (2012) |
| Olivier Langelier Collection |
| Ellsworth et al. (1934) |
| Horváth |
| Robinson et al. (1996) |
| HORVÁTH et al. (2006) |
| Horváth et al. (2013) |
| Gold (1969) |
| Sabina (1986) +1 other reference |
| Sabina (1986) +1 other reference | |
| Horváth et al. (1990) |
| Horváth et al. (1998) |
| Horváth et al. (1998) | |
| Horváth Collection - confirmed by XRD |
| SASSANO et al. (1987) |
| Zurevinski +1 other reference | |
| Nadeau et al. (2014) | |
| Mitchell et al. (2017) +1 other reference |
| Petrella (2013) | |
| Pierre-Alain Wulser | |
| Hugh S. Spence (1930) +1 other reference |
| Martin et al. (2018) |
| Currie (1976) +1 other reference |
| FOURNIER (1993) | |
| Miller (1990) +5 other references | |
| McDonald et al. (2018) |
| D. Turner and L.A. Groat (2010) +1 other reference |
Cape Verde | |
China | |
| Am. Min. |
| Martin et al. (2004) +3 other references |
| Su et al. (2) +3 other references |
| Rao et al. (2017) |
| Yiping Chen et al. (2007) |
| Jian et al. (2022) |
| Tang et al. (2024) |
| Li (1982) +3 other references |
| Bai et al. (1985) +1 other reference |
| Liu et al. (2022) +1 other reference |
| Smith et al. (2000) +2 other references | |
| Smith et al. (2000) | |
| Wu et al. (2021) +1 other reference |
| Rucheng Wang et al. (2003) |
| Shi et al. (2024) |
| Chen et al. (2024) |
| Huang et al. (1984) +1 other reference |
| Huang et al. (lead) +2 other references | |
| Jingxiang et al. (2002) |
| Wang et al. (2000) +2 other references |
| Xiang-Ping Gu et al. (2003) |
| Bai et al. (1985) |
| Yang et al. (2006) |
| Xue et al. (2021) |
| Xue et al. (2021) | |
| Ge et al. (2017) |
| Liu et al. (2024) |
| Liu et al. (2025) |
| Jingwu Yin et al. (2013) |
| Ligang et al. (2018) |
| Bai et al. (1985) +3 other references |
| Wang et al. (2023) |
| Li et al. (2019) |
| Qiu et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
Colombia | |
| Overstreet |
Croatia | |
| Tomašić et al. (2021) |
Czech Republic | |
| Cempírek et al. (2006) |
| Gadas et al. (2011) |
| Morávek P. |
| Ondruš et al. (2003) |
| Sejkora et al. (2021) |
| René (2018) |
| Seifert +3 other references |
| Scharm +7 other references | |
| Matýsek et al. (2025) |
| Škoda et al. (2006) |
| Simona Vachová (2010) |
| Zimák |
| Novotný | |
| Gadas et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Novotný |
| Novotný |
| Novotný et al. (severní Morava) | |
| Pauliš et al. (2019) |
| Veselovský (2019) | |
| Uher et al. (1998) |
| Černý et al. (2007) |
| Lukas Jankaj specimen +1 other reference | |
| Novák et al. (2016) | |
| Škoda et al. (2004) |
| Breiter |
| Sejkora (1998) |
| Sejkora (1998) | |
| Sejkora (1998) | |
| Sejkora (1998) | |
| |
| Losertová et al. (2012) |
| Novák et al. (2007) |
| Škoda +2 other references |
| Pauliš P. et al. (Kutna Hora, issue 1) |
| Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry |
| Škoda et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Houzar +5 other references | |
| Novák +2 other references |
| P. Pauliš (2001) | |
| P. Pauliš (2001) | |
| Přikryl et al. (2012) |
| Cerny et al. (2000) +1 other reference |
DR Congo | |
| Thoreau et al. (1936) +1 other reference |
| Nasraoui et al. (2000) |
Egypt | |
| Mahmoud et al. (2018) |
| Ghoneim et al. (2024) |
| Mahdy et al. (2025) | |
| Elsagheer et al. (2025) |
Equatorial Guinea | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Europe | |
| identifiée par MNHN Paris | |
Finland | |
| Marmo et al. (1966) |
| Ilkka Mikkola collection |
| Lahti Seppo I. 2011. Kotkan ... |
| Tuisku (2010) |
| Al-Ani et al. (2013) | |
| Tuisku (2010) |
| Thair Al Ani and Olli Sarapää (2011) | |
| Jyrki Autio Collection |
| tupa.gtk.fi (2016) |
| Al-Ani et al. (2009) +2 other references |
| Ani et al. (2013) | |
| Chernet et al. (2018) |
| Chernet et al. (2018) | |
| Al-Ani et al. (2018) |
| tupa.gtk.fi (2016) | |
| Al Ani (2013) |
| Al-Ani Thair |
| Ilkka Mikkola collection |
| Sandström et al. (2009) | |
| Bergverksmuseets Skrift 33 +1 other reference |
| Pohjalainen |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data 2019 |
| Niskanen (2014) |
| Grönholm et al. (2014) |
| Geogian Tutkimuskeskus 2010. ... |
France | |
| Ducluzaux (2022) |
| Ducluzaux (2022) |
| luigi mattei |
| Valverde J. (1999) |
| luigi mattei |
| King (n.d.) |
| De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2013) |
| www.micromineral.org (n.d.) |
| Lukas (1978) |
| Collection François Périnet |
| R. Coppens and M. Mayanda : "Etude ... |
| R. Pierrot |
| R. Pierrot | |
| |
| R. Pierrot |
| Périnet (n.d.) |
| Périnet (n.d.) |
| Boisson et al. (2011) |
| MONCHOUX P. et al. (2006) |
| MONCHOUX P. et al. (2006) | |
| Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ... |
| Gatel (1990) +1 other reference |
| Self collected Jean-Marie LAURENT - ... |
| Ducluzaux (2022) |
| Ragu et al. (2025) |
| Berbain et al. (2012) |
| E. Gloaguen : "Original Mineralogical Features of a Hydrothermalized Oolitic Ironstone : The Deposit of Saint-Aubin-des-Châteaux (Armorican Massif, France) |
| Moëlo et al. (2006) |
| Georges FAVREAU collection & EDX ... |
| Périnet F. (2018) |
| Georges FAVREAU collection and EDX ... |
| André MELLE collection - Georges ... |
Gabon | |
| Janusz Janeczek (1999) |
Germany | |
| |
| Walenta (1989) +1 other reference |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Hanneberg et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Tschauner +3 other references |
| Habel (2007) +1 other reference |
| Habel (2007) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Dill et al. (2009) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Belendorff (2004) |
| Schröder (2007) |
| Belendorff (2021) |
| Wirausky (2019) |
| Blaß et al. (2002) |
| Blaß et al. (1992) +1 other reference |
| [Blass +2 other references | |
| Blaß et al. (1992) |
| Blaß et al. (2002) | |
| Blaß et al. (1992) |
| Blaß et al. (2001) |
| Blaß et al. (2002) |
| EDX/XRD confirmed by Günter Blaß |
| Kleser (2005) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
Greece | |
| Rieck et al. (2018) |
| Rieck et al. (2018) |
| Uwe Kolitsch unpublished SEM-EDS ... |
| no description given yet] +1 other reference | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
| Uwe Kolitsch | |
| Stouraiti et al. (2022) |
| Maksimović et al. (1978) |
| Vasilatos et al. (2023) |
| Vasilatos et al. (2023) | |
| Theye +4 other references |
| Frank Mazdab collection (hand sample + thin section) |
Greenland | |
| Bøggild (1953) |
| Cegiełka et al. (2019) |
| Collection of NHM | |
| Soerensen (1962) |
| Pekov et al. (1997) |
| Collection of NHM | |
| Danoe et al. (1959) |
| Collection of NHM +1 other reference | |
| Knudsen et al. (2024) |
Hungary | |
| Koch (1985) |
| Sándor et al. (2005) |
| Sándor et al. (2005) | |
| Kohút et al. (2019) |
| Szakáll et al. (1996) |
| Zajzon et al. (2015) |
| Szakáll et al. (1996) |
| Szakáll-Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary |
| Szakáll & Jánosi. Minerals of Hungary |
| Szakáll et al. (1996) |
India | |
| Parthasarathy et al. (1968) |
| Anonymous |
| F. Wall (1993) |
| Singh et al. (2023) |
| P. Parthasarathy |
| King (n.d.) |
| Mahapatro et al. (2023) |
| Burtseva et al. (2013) |
| Chakrabarty et al. (2018) |
Iran | |
| Abedini |
Iraq | |
| Mohammad et al. (2016) +1 other reference |
Ireland | |
| Dr Richard Unitt Collection |
Israel | |
| Bogoch et al. (1992) |
Italy | |
| Putzolu et al. (2018) |
| Putzolu et al. (2018) | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Turconi (1985) +1 other reference | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Graziano Del Core photo & collection |
| Mongelli et al. (2014) |
| Sinisi (2018) |
| Adorni F. (1997) |
| |
| www.gminromano.it (n.d.) +4 other references | |
| Palenzona A. et al. (1990) |
| analysed by Dr. Anthony Kampf |
| Bracco et al. (2006) |
| Verrini (2005) |
| Corrado Balestra collection | |
| Castellaro-Kampf |
| Banti et al. (2011) |
| Bedognè et al. (2006) |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
| Arrigoni et al. (2020) |
| Marchesini et al. (2025) +1 other reference |
| www.mineralimottarella.it (2010) |
| Bedognè F. et al. (1995) | |
| Bedogné et al. (1995) | |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
| Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
| Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
| Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
| Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) | |
| Bossi (1978) +1 other reference |
| Bedognè F. et al. (1995) | |
| Biffi P. et al. (Varese) +1 other reference |
| Turconi B. (1985) +1 other reference |
| Gentile et al. (2023) +1 other reference | |
| Gentile et al. (2023) | |
| imgdb.amiminerals.it (n.d.) | |
| Gentile et al. (2023) |
| Piccoli et al. (2004) |
| Ambrino et al. (2009) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Marengo et al. (2016) |
| Piccoli (2002) +2 other references |
| Tilghman (2014) |
| Matteo Giai et al. (2023) +1 other reference |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Piccoli (2002) | |
| Chinellato Matteo | |
| Brizio et al. (2010) |
| Finello et al. (2007) | |
| Ciriotti et al. (2011) |
| Giovanni Scapin Collection | |
| Collection Giuseppe Finello | |
| Silvio Bianco et al. (2024) |
| |
| Albertini (1991) +1 other reference | |
| Collected by Frank de Wit (1989-2000) +2 other references | |
| Albertini (1991) | |
| De Battisti et al. (1987) |
| Mattioli V. (1976) +1 other reference |
| Mattioli (1979) +1 other reference | |
| Mattioli (1985) |
| Sergio Varvello collection | |
| www.mindat.org (2016) |
| 'Apatite' - Monazite- (Ce) |
| Cuchet et al. (2023) |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana (1) |
| Mattioli (1979) +1 other reference |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| www.mindat.org (2016) | |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana (1) |
| Guastoni et al. (2019) | |
| Guastoni et al. (2019) | |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| Boscardin M. et al. (2013) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Cuchet et al. (2016) | |
| Cuchet et al. (2016) | |
| Cuchet et al. (2016) | |
| Cuchet et al. (2016) +1 other reference | |
| Cuchet et al. (2016) | |
| Cuchet et al. (2016) | |
| Cuchet et al. (2022) | |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana |
| Orlandi et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Gamboni et al. (2012) |
| S. Cuccuru (2011) | |
| Gamboni et al. (1996) |
| Billows (1941) |
| Gamboni et al. (2013) | |
| Bosi et al. (2018) |
| Preite et al. (1995) |
| Gartner et al. (2002) |
| Folie et al. (2010) |
| K. Folie (1999) | |
| Folie et al. (2010) | |
| Buscaroli et al. (1994) | |
| Vignola et al. (2018) |
| Pezzotta et al. (1998) |
| Orlandi et al. (1997) | |
| Orlandi et al. (2004) |
| Orlandi et al. (2009) |
| Orlandi et al. (2009) |
| Orlandi et al. (2009) | |
| Orlandi et al. (2009) | |
Japan | |
| Imaoka et al. (2024) |
| Uehara et al. (2014) |
| Koji Koseki & Hanzo Gohara (1956) |
| Koji Koseki & Hanzo Gohara (1956) | |
| Kozo Takeda specimens | |
| Omori (1953) |
| - (n.d.) |
| Matsubara et al. (2013) |
| Nakajima et al. (2006) |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| John Rakovan (2015) | |
| European J. Mineralogy 20 (2008) |
| K. Watanabe collection |
| Akira Harada et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
| Terashima et al. (2004) |
| Nakatsugawa Mineral Museum (Gifu Prefecture, Japan) |
| Matsubara et al. (1998) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Gavrilenko et al. (2006) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| СВЕТЛАНА Н. НЕНАШЕВА (2021) |
| Pekov (1998) | |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Vrublevskii et al. (2017) +1 other reference |
| L.A. Pautov data |
| |
Madagascar | |
| Andriamampihantona (1992) |
| Pezzotta (2005) |
| Ranorosoa (1986) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Estrade (2014) |
| Ganzeev et al. (2003) +1 other reference | |
| Ranorosoa (1986) | |
| Ranorosoa (1986) |
| Ranorosoa (1986) | |
| Novák et al. (2015) | |
| Ranorosoa (1986) | |
| Ranorosoa (1986) | |
| Ranorosoa (1986) |
| Ranorosoa (1986) |
| Rudy Bolona specimen |
| Ranorosoa (1986) |
| Rosell (2023) |
Malawi | |
| Wall et al. (1996) |
| EDS +1 other reference |
| Dowman et al. (2017) | |
Mali | |
| Masurel et al. (2017) |
Mexico | |
| Megaw (2023) |
| Wittmann A (2022) |
Mongolia | |
| Pauliš (1995) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
| G.M. Tsareva data +3 other references |
| Kovalenko et al. (2004) | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +2 other references |
| Tumenbayar et al. (2000) |
| Tumenbayar et al. (2000) | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Morocco | |
| Benaouda et al. (2020) +1 other reference |
Mozambique | |
| Slobodník +4 other references |
| Cilek |
Myanmar | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data |
Namibia | |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
| von Bezing (2007) | |
| doi.org (n.d.) +2 other references |
| Schnaitmann et al. (2007) | |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| von Bezing (2007) +1 other reference | |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| Uwe Kolitsch (powder X-ray diffraction + SEM-EDS) +3 other references |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| Wall et al. (2008) | |
| Desor (06/2022) |
| Dunn (1991) +1 other reference |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| von Bezing (2007) |
Nigeria | |
| Styles et al. (1983) |
North Korea | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Ohe Rikosha specimens |
North Macedonia | |
| Ermolaeva et al. (2019) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2018) |
Northwest Africa Meteorites | |
| Liu et al. (2016) +1 other reference | |
Norway | |
| Acquired from Theodor Gautestad 1981 |
| Frigstad (1968) |
| Selbekk et al. (2009) | |
| |
| Selbekk et al. (2009) | |
| Revheim (2007) | |
| Nordrum (2001) |
| - (n.d.) | |
| Frigstad (1968) | |
| Frigstad (1968) | |
| Stensrud (2009) | |
| - (n.d.) |
| Stensrud (2009) | |
| Stensrud (2009) | |
| Frigstad (1968) |
| Frigstad (1968) | |
| Andersen (1931) | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Charles D Young photo | |
| Stensrud (2009) | |
| Stensrud (2009) | |
| Stensrud (2009) | |
| Selbekk et al. (2009) | |
| Stensrud (2009) | |
| Stensrud (2009) | |
| Stensrud (2009) | |
| Stensrud (2009) | |
| Stensrud (2009) | |
| Stensrud (2009) | |
| Peter Andresen collection |
| - (n.d.) |
| Selbekk et al. (2009) | |
| Stensrud (2009) | |
| Bjørlykke (1935) | |
| Stensrud (2009) | |
| Stensrud (2009) |
| Neumann et al. (1963) | |
| Stensrud (2009) |
| Stensrud (2009) | |
| Stensrud (2009) |
| Breivik et al. (2010) | |
| Stensrud (2009) |
| Schetelig (1913) +1 other reference | |
| Frigstad (1968) |
| King (n.d.) |
| Bjørlykke (1935) +1 other reference | |
| Kvamsdal et al. (2006) |
| Am Min 90:1227 +1 other reference |
| Kvamsdal (1993) |
| Kvamsdal (2018) |
| Nordrum (2009) |
| Sigurd Stordal collection |
| Sverdrup et al. (1967) +1 other reference |
| Nature History Museum _Geological museum collection (Hans-Jørgen Berg data 13.2.2013) |
| Husdal et al. (2017) |
| Husdal (2008) |
| Husdal (2019) | |
| Husdal (2008) | |
| Kristiansen (1998) |
| Husdal (2011) |
| Tomas Husdal - collection |
| Ellingsen et al. (1995) |
| Kvamsdal (2018) |
| Nilssen (1970) |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| Selbekk et al. (2009) |
| Pršek et al. (2010) |
| Larsen (2025) |
| Larsen (2025) |
| Larsen (2015) | |
| Larsen (2025) | |
| Juve et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
| Oftedal (1943) | |
| Larsen et al. (2017) |
| Larsen et al. (2017) | |
| Larsen (2015) +1 other reference |
| Kolitsch et al. (2013) |
| Larsen (2016) |
| Larsen et al. (2010) |
| Larsen. A.O. & Åsheim (2008) |
| Larsen (2024) |
| P. Andresen collected 2003. |
| Grønli et al. (1984) |
| Grønli et al. (1984) |
| Sæbø (1966) |
| Berge (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Nordrum (2002) +1 other reference |
| Larsen et al. (2010) | |
| Larsen et al. (2010) | |
| Collected by Ingulf Burval. |
| Larsen et al. (2010) | |
| Engvoldsen et al. (1991) +1 other reference |
| XRD analysis A.O.Larsen sept. 2012 |
| Larsen et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
| Berge et al. (2002) +1 other reference | |
| Berge et al. (2002) | |
| Larsen et al. (2010) | |
| Raade et al. (1980) | |
| Cempírek J. et al. (2010) |
| Nordrum (2010) +1 other reference |
| Selbekk et al. (2006) |
Pakistan | |
| Herb Obodda |
Poland | |
| DOI: 10.1515/mipo-2016-0002 +1 other reference |
| Ł. Kruszewski PXRD & EPMA data +1 other reference |
| Pieczka A. et al. (2004) |
| Pieczka et al. (2015) +2 other references |
| Cegiełka et al. (2018) |
| Matyszczak (2018) |
| Matyszczak (2018) |
| Matyszczak (2018) | |
| Szełęg et al. (Karkonosze massif, Lower Silesia, Poland) |
| Matyszczak (2018) |
| Szopa et al. (2017) | |
| Pieczka A. +1 other reference | |
| Włodek et al. (2015) |
| Barati et al. (2024) |
| Pieczka et al. (2024) |
| Pieczka et al. (2015) +2 other references |
| Pierwoła |
| Szopa +4 other references |
Portugal | |
| Samples collected by Luigi Chiappino ... +1 other reference |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Martins et al. (2011) |
Romania | |
| Ciobanu et al. (2006) |
| Szakáll |
| Szakáll et al. (2010) | |
| Pál Molnár (2000) +2 other references |
| Szakáll et al. (2010) +2 other references | |
| Hirtopanu et al. (2000) | |
| Hirtopanu et al. (2013) |
| Paulina HIRTOPANU & Gheorghe UDUBASA (2015) |
Russia | |
| ... +1 other reference |
| Kovalev et al. (2024) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Doroshkevich et al. (2007) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2011) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| A.M. Portnov data +1 other reference |
| Ripp et al. (2019) |
| Damdinov et al. (2022) |
| Чередниченко et al. (2014) |
| Makagonov et al. (2023) | |
| Pekov (1998) | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
| Galina Gubko (2009) | |
| King (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| webmineral.ru (2016) |
| Filina et al. (2019) |
| Filina et al. (2019) | |
| Kasatkin et al. (2020) |
| Sorokina et al. (2019) |
| Pekov (1998) +2 other references | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Попова et al. (2019) |
| A.V. Kasatkin et al. (2019) |
| webmineral.ru (2016) | |
| Nishanbaev et al. (2016) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +2 other references |
| Savel'eva V.B. Karmanov N.S. (2008) +1 other reference | |
| Koneva A.A. et al. (2010) |
| Mills et al. (2012) | |
| Kaigorodova et al. (2021) |
| - (2016) +1 other reference |
| Korostelev et al. (2016) |
| Burlakov (1995) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| geo.web.ru (2018) | |
| webmineral.ru (2020) | |
| Udoratina et al. (2024) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Sharygin +11 other references |
| Prokopyev +4 other references | |
| Kolotilina et al. (2024) |
| Barkov et al. (2018) +1 other reference |
| Sokol et al. (2023) |
| Barkov et al. (2021) |
| Joan Rosell |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data 2020 |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Sushchenko et al. (2023) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
| Arzamastsev et al. (2008) |
| Barkov et al. (2000) +1 other reference | |
| PEKOV et al. (2013) | |
| Menshikov et al. (2015) | |
| European Journal of Mineralogy 19 (2007) |
| Menshikov et al. (2015) | |
| Shlyukova Z.V. (1986) | |
| |
| Mikhailova et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
| Chakhmouradian et al. (1998) | |
| ... | |
| Mokrushina et al. (2023) | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
| Kasatkin (2019) |
| Zozulya et al. (2022) | |
| Kalashnikov et al. (2016) | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2012) |
| Kaulina et al. (2023) |
| Pekov (1998) |
| Zaitsev et al. (2004) | |
| ... | |
| Prokopyev +4 other references | |
| Компанченко А.А. +1 other reference |
| Brusnitsyn et al. (2019) |
| Gorelikova et al. (2021) |
| Gorkovetz et al. (2012) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Yu.A.Kozhevnikov (2010) | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
| I.V.Pekov. E.A.Vlasov. E.A.Gerasimova Pitkyarantskaya mineralogical practice et al. (in Russisan) |
| Putintseva et al. (2017) |
| [World of Stones 12:49] | |
| Doroshkevich et al. (2022) | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| S.M. Kravchenko data +1 other reference | |
| Lazareva et al. (2015) | |
| Alekseev et al. (2020) |
| Vital'Evna (2021) |
| D. Krinov data |
| Brusnitsyn A.I. (2000) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Kapustin Yu.L. (1989) |
| According reports of Trest Quartz ... |
| Kovalev et al. (2023) |
| Sergeevich et al. (2019) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Victor V. Sharygin analytycal data (2012) +1 other reference |
| Dmitry Krinov analytical data |
| Fialova et al. (2013) | |
| Badanina et al. (2008) | |
| Kasatkin et al. (2014) |
Rwanda | |
| Daltry et al. (1998) |
Serbia | |
| Pačevski et al. (2018) |
Slovakia | |
| Uher |
| Ozdín D. |
| Pauliš | |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Ďuďa R. et al. (1993) | |
| Pršek et al. (2010) |
| Ondrejka et al. (2020) | |
| Pršek et al. (2010) | |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Ozdín D. (Dissertation thesis) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Ondrejka et al. (2022) |
| Rojkovičová |
| Farsang et al. (2014) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Bálintová T. et al. (Slovakia) |
| Uher P. +1 other reference |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Bakoš F. et al. (Slovenské Rudohorie, veporikum) |
| Ondrejka M. et al. (Western Carpathians, Slovakia) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Chudík et al. (2009) |
| Števko M. et al. (2012) |
| Uher et al. (2006) |
| Uher et al. (n.d.) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Ondrejka et al. (2023) +1 other reference | |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Martin Števko-unpublished | |
| Pauliš et al. (2002) | |
| Bačík et al. (2022) | |
| Kubiš M. (2006) |
| Martin Števko-unpublished | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Ferenc Š. et al. (2019) | |
| Uher P. et al. (2018) |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Pauliš et al. (2002) |
| Bacsó |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra |
| Ozdín D. et al. (Slovak Republic) |
| Myšľan et al. (2024) |
| Myšľan et al. (2024) |
| Duda et. all. |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Uher et al. (2015) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Uher et al. (Považský Inovec) |
| Uher P. et al. (Považský Inovec, západné Slovensko) +1 other reference | |
| Pauliš |
| Koděra (1986) |
Somalia | |
| Artini (1915) +1 other reference |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (2008) |
| Fuchs et al. (2017) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Atanasova et al. (2016) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) | |
| VERWOERD (1993) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) | |
| M. A. G. Andreoli +4 other references |
South Korea | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov's analytical data |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Spain | |
| Miguel Angel Fernandez Periz (2006) |
| Miguel A. Fernandez Périz (2006) | |
| Georges FAVREAU collection & EDX ... |
| Dill et al. (2023) |
| Dill et al. (2023) | |
| Dill et al. (2023) |
| Dill et al. (2023) |
| Dill et al. (2023) | |
| Dill et al. (2023) | |
| Munoz del Castillo +1 other reference |
| Bosch +6 other references |
| Castillo-Oliver et al. (2019) |
| C. Canet et al. |
| Tánago et al. (2012) |
| Cepedal et al. (2024) |
Sri Lanka | |
| Us Dept of Commerce |
| Rupasinghe | |
Sweden | |
| Kjellman et al. (1999) |
| Majka et al. (2013) |
| Jonsson (2011) | |
| Jonsson (2020) | |
| Swedish Nat.Musuem |
| Jonsson (2014) +1 other reference |
| J.Langhof: REE-mineralogy in Mo-granite ... |
| Lorin et al. (2014) |
| Mathias Rhinelander |
| Specimen from Aksel Osterloff |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
| Andersson et al. (2024) |
| Andersson et al. (2024) | |
| Jonsson +3 other references |
| Wilke (1997) |
| Wilke (1997) |
| Gatedal (n.d.) |
| Gatedal (n.d.) |
| Kresten (1990) |
| Andersson et al. (2024) |
| Andersson et al. (2024) | |
| Andersson et al. (2024) |
| Andersson et al. (2024) | |
| Andersson et al. (2024) | |
| Andersson et al. (2024) | |
| Andersson et al. (2024) | |
| Andersson et al. (2024) | |
| Andersson et al. (2024) | |
| Andersson et al. (2024) | |
| Kjellman (unpublished) |
| Kjellman (1996) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Weibel et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
| Guastoni et al. (2016) |
| Guastoni et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Jahn (2008) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| S Wolfsried collection |
| Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Brugger et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Taddei (1937) |
| Taddei (1937) |
| Weiβ et al. (2007) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Gianfranco Ciccolini Collection |
| King (n.d.) |
| Cuchet et al. (2022) |
| Cuchet et al. (2022) | |
| Cuchet et al. (2022) |
| Wulser PA (2002) |
| Cuchet et al. (2003) +1 other reference |
| Van der Burgt et al. (2015) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| van der Burgt et al. (2005) | |
| Cuchet et al. (2014) | |
| de Wit et al. (1996) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Kolitsch (1998) | |
| Cuchet et al. (2014) | |
| Cuchet et al. (2014) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Cuchet et al. (2005) |
| Cuchet et al. (2014) | |
| Cuchet et al. (2014) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Meisser (2012) |
| Meisser (2012) | |
| Meisser (2012) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Cuchet et al. (2022) |
| Soom (1986) +2 other references |
| Soom (1986) +1 other reference | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Schad (1989) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Meisser (2012) |
| PA Wulser - unpublished data |
Tajikistan | |
| Паутов et al. (2019) |
| Leonid Pautov and Mirak Mirakov ... |
| Litvinenko +8 other references |
Tanzania | |
| Radl et al. (2010) |
Turkey | |
| Kumral et al. (2008) |
UK | |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Steve Rust collection |
| Paul De Bondt collection. |
| Collection Richard De Nul |
| Betterton (1996) |
| Steve Rust collection | |
| |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Green et al. (2005) |
| Fraser et al. (2004) |
| Day (1999) |
| |
Ukraine | |
| Poliakovska et al. (2023) |
| Magdalena Dumańska-Słowik et al. (2012) |
| Sharygin et al. (2014) |
| Pekov I.V. et al. (Priazovie) +2 other references | |
| Gurov et al. (2015) |
| Lyzhachenko et al. (2019) | |
| Lazarenko E.K. e.a. Mineralogy of ... |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference |
United Arab Emirates | |
| Woolley et al. (1991) |
USA | |
| Encyclopedia of Minerals +5 other references |
| Kauffman et al. (1946) +1 other reference | |
| Rocks & Min. (2007) +1 other reference | |
| Rocks & Min. (2007) |
| Overstreet (1967) |
| Rocks and Minerals (1999) |
| Henry Barwood - unpublished (2010) | |
| Howard (1987) +1 other reference | |
| Howard (1987) +1 other reference | |
| Osborn et al. (discoverer/owner) +1 other reference |
| Rocks & Min.: 18:80. +1 other reference |
| Specimen sold by Oxcart Minerals in ... |
| Walker et al. (1956) +2 other references |
| Charles Stern et al. (2016) |
| Hanley et al. (1950) +1 other reference |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Rocks & Min.: 64: 471. | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| U.S. Geological Survey Professional ... +1 other reference | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| USGS Prof Paper 649 +1 other reference |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Bob Cobban | |
| Ralph Parkes collection | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Rudy Bolona |
| Simmons et al. (2006) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Ralph Parkes |
| AmMin 84:754-763 | |
| Dean Allum |
| Rudy Bologna |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Van Kin |
| King (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Betts (1999) | |
| Anthony Albini collection. +1 other reference | |
| Nitze (1895) |
| Bud Poulin collection |
| Nitze (1895) |
| Fred Davis specimen |
| Fred Davis photo | |
| Field collected by Harold Moritz | |
| Fred E. Davis specimens |
| Rocks & Min.: 70:403 +1 other reference | |
| Rocks & Min.: 16: 164-167. +5 other references |
| Fred E. Davis Collection +1 other reference | |
| Harold Moritz Collection | |
| Schooner (circa 1985) |
| Foye (1922) +1 other reference | |
| Shepard (1837) +1 other reference |
| Nitze (1895) |
| Slack (2007) |
| Slack (2007) | |
| Roda-Robles et al. (2024) |
| King et al. (1994) |
| King et al. (1994) | |
| Morrill |
| Nitze (1895) | |
| Myles M. Felch et al. (2016) |
| Found in 2018 ongoing study of Ryerson ... +1 other reference | |
| Eyan Fennelly Collection |
| E. L. Clopton collection |
| King et al. (1994) |
| Thompson et al. (1998) | |
| Don Swenson collection | |
| King et al. (1994) | |
| Thompson et al. (1998) | |
| Nitze (1895) |
| Peter Cristofono collection |
| S Pavadore collection |
| Nitze (1895) | |
| Buchholz et al. (2014) |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Travis Olds collection |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) | |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Monazite- (Ce) | |
| Rebecca A. Simmons (2009) | |
| Buchholz et al. (2013) | |
| Yalmer F Primeau collection | |
| Heinrich et al. (1961) |
| Gammons et al. (2024) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Jensen et al. (1995) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Holmwood (2023) |
| Rocks & Min 65:292 (1990) |
| Caruso +1 other reference |
| Smith (2005) |
| Herndon (2018) | |
| Nitze (1895) | |
| Sharon Cisneros |
| Rocks & Min 65:295 (1990) |
| DoI Bur. of Mines ROI #6885 et al. (1967) |
| USGS Min. Industry of NJ (1994) |
| USGS The Mineral Industry of New Jersey (1994) |
| King |
| John Cianciulli | |
| USGS Open-File Report 02-189 +1 other reference |
| Michael N. Spilde et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
| Michael N. Spilde et al. (2011) |
| Michael N. Spilde et al. (2011) |
| Michael N. Spilde et al. (2011) |
| King (n.d.) |
| Rocks & Min. (2007) |
| Marian Lupulescu (2008) |
| Hidden (1888) |
| Frank Mazdab analyses on specimen field ... |
| Marian Lupulescu (2010) |
| Marian Lupulescu (2010) | |
| Robinson et al. (2007) +2 other references |
| Marian Lupulescu et al. (2010) |
| Steven C. Chamberlain and David G. Bailey (2012) |
| Nitze (1895) |
| Genth et al. (1881) |
| Palache et al. (1930) | |
| USGS | |
| Wilson et al. (2001) | |
| Mertie et al. (1959) +1 other reference | |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| |
| King (n.d.) |
| Nitze (1895) |
| Nitze (1895) | |
| Nitze (1895) |
| Nitze (1895) |
| Nitze (1895) | |
| Nitze (1895) |
| Nitze (1895) |
| Nitze (1895) |
| Nitze (1895) | |
| Nelen et al. (1987) |
| Jason B. Smith (visual identification) |
| Bernard et al. (2004) |
| Bernard et al. (2004) |
| Nitze (1895) |
| Nitze (1895) |
| Nitze (1895) |
| Rocks & Min.:11:77 +1 other reference |
| Wilson et al. (1978) |
| Am Min 67:356-359 |
| Nitze (1895) |
| David W.Mohr | |
| Kenny Gay |
| Pratt |
| C.W. Allen collection |
| Rocks & Min.: 18:47. |
| Rocks & Min.: 17: 131. |
| U.S. Geological Survey/ U.s. Department ... |
| Robert C. Smit |
| Rocks & Minerals 61:281-284 |
| |
| Miller. C. E. (1971) |
| Nitze (1895) |
| AmMin 12:427-436 |
| Miller (1971) |
| Miller (1971) | |
| Miller (1971) | |
| King (n.d.) |
| Rocks & Minerals: 67 (6) +1 other reference |
| F Roberts |
| Bernard et al. (2004) |
| Catlos et al. (2016) |
| Micro Probe Volume VI Number 8 +1 other reference |
| Hanson et al. (1999) |
| Thomas Buchholz | |
| Buchholz et al. (2002) | |
| Hanson et al. (1999) | |
| Turner | |
| Buchholz et al. (2017) | |
| Bucholz |
| Rocks & Minerals 82:409-410 |
| Buchholz et al. (2006) | |
| ... |
Vietnam | |
| Li et al. (2018) |
Zambia | |
| Zambezi et al. (1997) |
Zimbabwe | |
| Woolley (2001) |
| Woolley (2001) | |
The Moon | |
| Kartashov P.M. et al. (2006) |
| Kartashov P.M. et al. (2006) |
| Mokhov A.V. et al. (2018) |
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Siglo Veinte Mine, Llallagua, Rafael Bustillo Province, Potosí, Bolivia