Kruba Ajahn
Kruba (Northern Thai: ครูบา) is an honorific title used in the Lanna cultural region of Northern Thailand. It is given to Buddhist monks who are deeply respected for their spiritual discipline, moral integrity, and service to their communities. Monks recognized as Krubas are often seen not only as religious teachers but also as community leaders and guardians of tradition.[1]
Etymology
[edit]The title Kruba combines two elements: Kru, from the Sanskrit *Guru* meaning “teacher,” and Ba, a term for a senior monk, often an abbot or one with decades of experience in the robes. Traditionally, such monks also trained lay students (*Kula Butra*).[2]
Some scholars suggest that the title may also connect to the Vajrayāna phrase *Namo GuruBhya*, meaning “homage to the teacher,” hinting at a deeper linguistic and spiritual link.[2]
Significance
[edit]In everyday Northern Thai usage, Kruba often takes the place of the more widespread Thai title Luang Por or Geji Ajahn. A Kruba is regarded as a spiritual master or local saint, admired not just for ascetic practice but for inspiring community service and devotion.
One of the most celebrated figures is Kruba Siwichai (1878–1938), revered as “the Saint of Lanna.” He became famous for restoring temples and leading public works, most notably the road to Wat Phra That Doi Suthep, built almost entirely through local volunteer labor and faith-based donations.[3][4]
The title reflects a special relationship between monk and laypeople in Lanna society. A Kruba is not only a teacher but also a symbol of merit, service, and mystical authority. Unlike Phra Ajarn (teacher) or Luang Phor (venerable father), the word Kruba carries a stronger sense of saint-like reverence.[5]
Other important Krubas include Khruba Duangdee Subhadho, a disciple of Kruba Siwichai, who continued his mentor’s legacy by building temples, schools, chedis, and bridges in Chiang Mai’s San Pa Tong district.[6]
Association with Esoteric Theravāda
[edit]Many Krubas are associated with the boran (esoteric) Theravāda tradition. This strand of Buddhism emphasizes meditation, ritual, and mystical practices, drawing parallels with Vajrayāna lineages.[2]
Contemporary Usage
[edit]The title Kruba is still in active use today, especially for monks noted for their mastery of Lanna rituals and protective practices. Notable modern figures include:
- Kruba Wong – famed for his sacred yants, takruts, and ritual blessings.[7]
- Kruba Sri Ong – known for his sacred amulets engraved with Lanna script and spells.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ "Kruba – Teacher (Lanna)". 20 January 2020. Archived from the original on 18 May 2024. Retrieved 7 August 2025.
- ^ a b c "What are the basic differences between Vajrayāna and Esoteric Theravāda?". 26 June 2024.
- ^ "Kruba Srivichai, the Patron Saint of Lanna". 24 February 2021.
- ^ "Kruba Chao Sriwichai monument—Lanna landmark". 16 August 2018.
- ^ "Exploring the Differences Between Thailand's Kruba, Ajahn, and Luang Phor". 17 December 2023.
- ^ "Kruba Chao Duangdee Suphatto". 9 May 2022.
- ^ "Kruba Wong – a famed Lanna guru monk". 9 January 2021. Archived from the original on 22 July 2024. Retrieved 7 August 2025.
- ^ "Kruba Sri Ong crafted Rian Phra Rahu".