Voiced palatal lateral fricative
| Voiced palatal lateral fricative | |
|---|---|
| ʎ̝ | |
| 𝼆̬ | |
| IPA number | 157 429 |
| Audio sample | |
| Encoding | |
| X-SAMPA | L_r |
| Voiced alveolo-palatal lateral fricative | |
|---|---|
| ɮ̠ʲ |
A voiced palatal lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʎ̝⟩, though in extIPA ⟨𝼆̬⟩ is preferred.
This sound is not known to occur as a phoneme in any language, but it does occur as an allophone of /ʎ/ in Italian, Spanish and Jebero.[1][2]
Features
[edit]Features of a voiced palatal lateral fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is palatal, which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised to the hard palate.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
- It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
[edit]| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Italian | Many accents[1] | figlio | [ˈfiʎ̝ːo] | 'son' | Approximant [ʎ] in other accents. See Italian phonology |
| Jebero[2] | [iˈʎ̝apa] | 'shotgun' | Dentoalveolo-palatal. Occasional allophone of /ʎ/; only lightly fricated.[2] | ||
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ a b Ashby (2011:64): "(...) in a large number of Italian accents, there is considerable friction involved in the pronunciation of [ʎ], creating a voiced palatal lateral fricative (for which there is no established IPA symbol)."
- ^ a b c Valenzuela & Gussenhoven (2013), p. 101.
References
[edit]- Ashby, Patricia (2011), Understanding Phonetics, Understanding Language series, Routledge, ISBN 978-0340928271
- Valenzuela, Pilar M.; Gussenhoven, Carlos (2013), "Shiwilu (Jebero)", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 97–106, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000370
